Figure 4

Bladder cancer-induced lymphangiogenesis. Next, the same cross- sections illustrated in Figure 3 were double-labeled with antibodies against LYVE-1 and a marker of cell proliferation, Ki-67. A-D are representative photomicrographs of the sub-urothelial lymphatic vessels illustrating the finding that some of the lymphatic endothelial cells were positive for both LYVE-1 (green fluorescence in B) and cell proliferation (Ki-67-positive cells are in red fluorescence in C), as illustrated by a yellow labeling of merged images in D. These results indicate the presence of cancer-induced lymphangiogenesis in this mouse model. Blue stain in A is DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) which highlights the cell nuclei.