Prognostic value of histopathology and trends in cervical cancer: a SEER population study

BMC Cancer

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of cause-specific mortality based on 2,458 cases with complete pathological data

	A		B
	Model including tumor size and nodal variables		Model ignoring tumor size and nodal variables
Variable	Hazard ratio⁽⁶⁾ (95% confidence interval)	P	Hazard ratio⁽⁶⁾ (95% confidence interval)	P
Pathology
Histology ⁽¹⁾		<0.001		<0.001
SCC microinvasive	1.26 (0.40–4.04)	0.693	0.61 (0.19–1.93)	0.407
Carcinoma NOS	0.93 (0.40–2.17)	0.871	1.35 (0.60–3.06)	0.472
Adenocarcinoma excl. mucinous	1.43 (1.07–1.90)	0.016	1.29 (0.97–1.72)	0.078
Adenosquamous carcinoma	1.60 (1.14–2.24)	0.007	1.58 (1.13–2.22)	0.008
Mucinous	1.94 (1.07–3.49)	0.028	2.08 (1.16–3.75)	0.015
Small cell	7.03 (3.95–12.5)	<0.001	7.59 (4.28–13.4)	<0.001
Histological grade 3–4 ⁽²⁾	1.56 (1.26–1.93)	<0.001	1.83 (1.48–2.26)	<0.001
Log tumor size (mm) ⁽³⁾	1.89 (1.55–2.31)	<0.001
Log odds of nodal involvement ⁽⁴⁾	1.26 (1.15–1.38)	<0.001
Stage
Historical stage localized ⁽²⁾			0.24 (0.19–0.31)	<0.001
Stage II ⁽⁵⁾	0.99 (0.62–1.58)	0.966
Stage III ⁽⁵⁾	2.31 (1.70–3.14)	<0.001
Stage IV ⁽⁵⁾	2.57 (1.64–4.04)	<0.001
Other
Year of diagnosis	0.97 (0.94–0.99)	0.016	0.96 (0.94–0.99)	0.011
African-American ethnicity ⁽²⁾	1.47 (1.09–1.97)	0.011	1.55 (1.16–2.09)	0.004
Hysterectomy ⁽²⁾	0.61 (0.47–0.80)	<0.001	0.41 (0.32–0.52)	<0.001

⁽¹⁾ Reference level = non-microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), all types.
⁽²⁾ Binarized variable, coded 1 versus all other levels of the variable including missing.
⁽³⁾ Untransformed tumor size displayed marked non-linearity.
⁽⁴⁾ Log ((number of positive nodes + 0.5)/(number of negative nodes + 0.5)) [14].
⁽⁵⁾ AJCC 3rd edition. Reference level = stage I.
⁽⁶⁾ Hazard ratio >1 indicates increased risk of dying from cervical cancer.

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