Non-hormonal systemic therapy in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and metastases: a systematic review from the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-based Care's Genitourinary Cancer Disease Site Group

Table 6 Mitoxantrone and anthracycline trials: PSA and tumor response.

Trial	Treatment arms	PSA response*			Tumor response
		N	Response rate %	Statistical comparison	N	Objective response rate %	Statistical comparison
Berry, 2002 [69]	mitoxantrone prednisone	56	48†	p = 0.007	8	25 (PR)	p = NR
	prednisone	63	24†		9	22 (PR)
Kantoff, 1999 [70]	mitoxantrone hydrocortisone	96	18.7	p = 0.41	116	7 (PR)	p = 0.38
	hydrocortisone	91	14.3		118	4 (PR)
Tannock, 1996 [71]	mitoxantrone prednisone	57	33	p = 0.11	NR
	prednisone	54	22
Weissbach, 1998 [88]	mitomycin C	NR			60	22	NR
	epirubicin				61	11
	EMP				55	9
Anderström, 1995 [72]	epiribucin MPA	NR			NR
	EMP
Laurie, 1992 [73]	5-FU doxorubicin mitomycin-C (combined)	NR			70	14	NR
	5-FU doxorubicin mitomycin-C (sequential)				72	18
Saxman, 1992 [74]	cyclophosphamide doxorubicin methotrexate	NR			16	18.8 (PR)	NR
	cyclophosphamide				16	6 (PR)
Murphy, 1988 [75]	doxorubicin cyclophosphamide	NR			54	1 (PR)	p = NS
	cisplatin 5-FU cyclophosphamide				46	0
	methotrexate				52	0
Stephens, 1984 [76]	doxorubicin cyclophosphamide	NR			19	32	p = 0.05
	hydroxyurea				24	4

*PSA response was defined as e50% decrease in PSA compared with baseline; †PSA response with stabilization or improvement of performance status for at least 2 weeks.
Abbreviations: 5-FU – 5-fluorouracil; EMP – estramustine phosphate; N – number; NR – not reported; NS – non-significant; PR – partial response; PSA – prostate-specific antigen.

ISSN: 1471-2407