Non-hormonal systemic therapy in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and metastases: a systematic review from the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-based Care's Genitourinary Cancer Disease Site Group

Table 5 Mitoxantrone and anthracycline trials: survival outcomes.

Trial	Treatment arms	Overall survival			Progression-free survival or TTP
		N	Median (mo)	Statistical comparison	N	Median (mo)	Statistical comparison
Berry, 2002 [69]	mitoxantrone prednisone	56	23	p = 0.48	56	8.1	p = 0.018 (TTP)
	prednisone	63	19		63	4.1
Kantoff, 1999 [70]	mitoxantrone	119	12.3	p = 0.77	119	3.7	p = 0.02 (TTP)
	hydrocortisone	123	12.6		123	2.3
Tannock, 1996 [71]	mitoxantrone prednisone	80	NR	p = 0.27	NR
	prednisone	81
Weissbach, 1998 [88]	epirubicin	61	NR by treatment group		61	NR by treatment group	"TTF was longer with mitomycin C vs. EMP (p = 0.037); and vs. epirubicin (p = 0.039)
	EMP	54			54
	mitomycin C	60			60
Anderström, 1995 [72]	epiribucin MPA	73	11.5	p = NS	73	7.6	p = 0.013 (TTP)
	EMP	72	9.5		72	4.3
Laurie, 1992 [73]	5-FU doxorubicin mitomycin C (combined)	70	8.7	p = 0.025	NR
	5-FU doxorubicin mitomycin C (sequential)	72	7.1
Saxman, 1992 [74]	cyclophosphamide doxorubicin methotrexate	26 high PS 24 low PS	9.5 6	p = 0.93 p = 0.51 p = 0.7 (unstratified)	50	6.2*	p = 0.07 (TTP)
	cyclophosphamide	26 high PS 27 low PS	9 5		53	4.4*
Murphy, 1988 [75]	doxorubicin cyclophosphamide	54	NR	p = NS	54	NR	p = NS
	cisplatin 5-FU cyclophosphamide	46			46
	methotrexate	52			52
Stephens, 1984 [76]	doxorubicin cyclophosphamide	68	6.8	p = NS	NR
	hydroxyurea	69	7

*Median values include only patients with partial response or stable disease (n was not reported).
Abbreviations: 5-FU – 5- fluorouracil; EMP – estramustine phosphate; mo – months; MPA – medroxyprogesterone; N – number; NR – not reported; NS – non-significant; PS – performance status; TTF – time-to-treatment failure; TTP – time-to-progression; vs – versus.

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