Obesity is a significant risk factor for breast cancer in Arab women

BMC Cancer

Table 4 Factors independently associated with Saudi breast cancer women - multiple logistic regression

Parameters	All	Pre-menopausal	Post-menopause
	OR (95% CI)
BMI, kg/m²
Lean, (18.5 – 24.9)	1	1	1
Overweight/Obese (≥25)	2.29 (1.68 – 3.13)	2.73 (1.79 – 4.18)	2.22 (1.32 – 3.72)
Family history of breast cancer			-
No	1	1
Yes	2.31(1.60 – 3.32)	5.04 (3.09 – 8.21)
Age at menarche (years)		-	-
< 13	1
≥ 13	1.30 (0.99 – 1.72)
Use of HRT
No	1	1	1
Yes	2.25 (1.65 – 3.08)	1.73 (1.13 – 2.67)	2.45 (1.53 – 3.92)
Menopausal Status		-	-
Pre-menopause	1
Post-menopause	1.72 (1.25 – 2.38)
Breastfeeding
No	1		1
Yes	0.53 (0.34 – 0.84)		0.20 (0.08 – 0.50)
Education Level
Illiterate	1	1	1
Primary/High School	0.40 (0.28 – 0.58)	0.11 (0.06 – 0.27)	0.73 (0.44 – 1.20)
Higher education	0.11 (0.07 – 0.17)	0.03 (0.01 – 0.07)	0.21 (0.10 – 0.45)

Model adjusted for age (≤35 years vs. >35 years), BMI (lean, overweight/obese), marital status (single, ever-married), menopause status (pre-menopause, post-menopause), HRT use (yes/no), age at menarche (<13 years vs. ≥13 years), breastfeeding (yes/no), and education levels (illiterate, primary/high school, higher education). All variables in the model are categorical.
Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index.

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