Table 1 Patients’ and tumor characteristics and univariate statistical analysis of disease-specific survival
Factor | Subgroup | Patients number (%) | Dead of disease (N = 20) | Alive or dead of other causes (N = 88) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 82 (76) | 12 | 70 | 0.08 |
Male | 26 (24) | 8 | 18 | ||
Age (years) | 44 or less | 23 (21) | 0 | 23 | 0.006 |
45 or more | 85 (79) | 20 | 65 | ||
Tumor diameter (cm) | 0-4 | 56 (52) | 2 | 54 | 0.001 |
4.01 and more | 52 (48) | 18 | 34 | ||
pT tumor stage | pTx | 1 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0.001 |
pT1 | 9 (8) | 0 | 9 | ||
pT2 | 35 (32) | 1 | 34 | ||
pT3 | 47 (43) | 9 | 38 | ||
pT4 | 16 (15) | 9 | 7 | ||
N stage | N0 | 100 (93) | 16 | 84 | 0.04 |
N1 (N1a + N1b) | 8 (7) | 4 | 4 | ||
N1a | 3 | ||||
N1b | 5 | ||||
M stage | M0 | 96 (89) | 11 | 85 | 0.001 |
M1 | 12 (11) | 9 | 3 | ||
Tumor differentiation | Well | 66 (61) | 8 | 58 | 0.03 |
Moderate or poor | 36 + 6 (33 + 6) | 12 | 30 | ||
Vascular invasion | Minimal or suspected | 66 (61) | 10 | 56 | 0.26 |
Extensively | 42 (39) | 10 | 32 | ||
Capsular invasion | No or minimal | 56 (52) | 8 | 48 | 0.24 |
Transcapsular | 52 (48) | 12 | 40 | ||
Thyroid surgical procedure | Total or near-total thyroidectomy | 77 (71) | 8 | 69 | 0.001 |
Lobectomy or less | 31 (29) | 12 | 19 | ||
Residual tumor after surgery | R0 – without residual tumor | 80 (74) | 7 | 73 | 0.001 |
R1 – microscopic residual tumor | 19 (17) | 10 | 9 | ||
R2– macroscopic residual tumor | 9 (8) | 3 | 6 | ||
Neck dissection | No | 99 (92) | 15 | 84 | 0.01 |
Yes | 9 (8) | 5 | 4 | ||
Radioiodine ablation after surgery | No | 21 (20) | 5 | 16 | 0.53 |
Yes | 87 (80) | 15 | 72 | ||
Therapy with radioiodine | No | 77 (71) | 3 | 29 | 0.17 |
Yes | 31 (29) | 17 | 59 | ||
External beam radiotherapy | No | 85 (79) | 11 | 74 | 0.004 |
Yes – neck and mediastinum | 23 (21) | 9 | 14 | ||
External beam radioterapy | No | 81 (75) | 6 | 75 | 0.001 |
Yes – any site | 27 (25) | 14 | 13 | ||
Chemotherapy | No | 92 (85) | 11 | 81 | 0.001 |
Yes | 16 (15) | 9 | 7 | ||
Recurrence | No | 70 (65) | 0 | 70 | - |
Yes - distant | 11 (10) | 4 | 7 | ||
Yes – locoregional | 12 (11) | 5 | 7 | ||
Yes – locoregional and distant | 3 (3) | 2 | 1 | ||
Initially distant metastases | 12 (11) | 9 | 3 | ||
Outcome | Alive without disease | 52 (48) | 0 | 52 | - |
Alive with disease | 16 (15) | 0 | 16 | ||
Dead of disease | 20 (19) | 20 | 0 | ||
Dead of other causes | 15 (14) | 0 | 15 | ||
Lost to follow-up | 5 (5) | 0 | 5 |