Figure 3

Cell proliferation assay. Cell proliferation curve in A549 or HFL-1 cells transduced with NTC miRNA (solid line) compared to cells transduced with miRNA against TGF-β1 (dashed line: TGF-β1 KD), TGF-β2 (dotted line: TGF-β2 KD), or TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 (dashed-dotted line: TGF-β1 + β2 KD). Cell counts were carried out on days 1, 3, and 5 after seeding. Left: A549. Right: HFL-1. Data shown are the means ± SEM of triplicate analyses. Numbers of cells with TGF-β1 and/or TGF-β2 knockdown on day 5 was compared to that in the cells transduced with NTC miRNA. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test. ^* P < 0.05.