Table 1 Characteristics of lung cancer cases and matched controls
From: Cardiac glycosides use and the risk of lung cancer: a nested case–control study
Characteristic | Cases | Controls |
|---|---|---|
n = 1237 | n = 12,320 | |
Agea, mean (SD) | 77.3 (8.1) | 76.8 (8.0) |
<50 years, n (%) | 2 (0.2) | 20 (0.2) |
50-70 years, n (%) | 248 (20.0) | 2695 (21.9) |
>71 years, n (%) | 987 (79.8) | 9605 (78.0) |
Malea, n (%) | 818 (66.1) | 8137 (66.0) |
Follow-up time, yearsa; Mean (SD) | 4.9 (3.2) | 4.9 (3.2) |
Smoking, n (%) | ||
Never | 134 (10.8) | 4780 (38.8) |
Everb | 1031 (83.3) | 6531 (53.0) |
Unknown | 72 (5.8) | 1009 (8.2) |
Excessive alcohol use, n (%) | 143 (11.6) | 970 (7.9) |
Body mass index, n (%) | ||
<18.5 kg/m2 | 29 (2.3) | 172 (1.4) |
18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 | 365 (29.5) | 3095 (25.1) |
25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 | 390 (31.5) | 4150 (33.7) |
≥ 30.0 kg/m2 | 241 (19.5) | 2782 (22.6) |
Unknown | 212 (17.1) | 2121 (17.2) |
Cohort entry indicationc, n (%) | ||
Chronic heart Failure | 612 (49.5) | 4782 (38.8) |
Atrial fibrillation | 561 (45.4) | 6873 (55.8) |
Atrial flutter or supra ventricular tachycardia | 64 (5.2) | 665 (5.4) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 428 (34.6) | 1658 (13.5) |
Heart and vascular diseases | 697 (56.3) | 6042 (49.0) |
Pneumonia | 740 (59.8) | 5716 (46.4) |
Tuberculosis | 22 (1.8) | 224 (1.8) |
Other chronic lung diseases | 333 (26.9) | 2194 (17.8) |
Sexual hormone disorders | 7 (0.6) | 84 (0.7) |
Concomitant drugs, n (%) | ||
Amiodarone | 77 (6.2) | 825 (6.7) |
Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs | 186 (15.0) | 1954 (15.9) |
Anti-hypertensives | 1093 (88.4) | 10701 (86.9) |
Oral anticoagulants and antiplatelets | 443 (35.8) | 4941 (40.1) |
Aspirin | 578 (46.7) | 5857 (47.5) |
Statins | 532 (43.0) | 5240 (42.5) |
Oral estrogen contraceptives and hormone replacement therapyd | 17 (4.1) | 114 (2.7) |
Anti-diabetic agents | 143 (11.6) | 1453 (11.8) |