Clinical and prognostic significance of preoperative plasma hyperfibrinogenemia in gallbladder cancer patients following surgical resection: a retrospective and in vitro study

Table 3 Demographic characteristics of GBC patients with and without hyperfibrinogenemia

Variables	Plasma fibrinogen levels (mg/dL)		p^a
	≤402 (n = 60 52.2%)	>402 (n = 55 47.8%)
Gender
Male	*14 (12.2%)*	*23 (20%)*	*0.034*
Female	*46 (40%)*	*32 (27.8%)*	*0.034*
Age
<60 years	19 (16.5%)	10 (8.7%)	0.096
≥60 years	41 (35.7%)	45 (39.1%)	0.096
Incidental GBC	16 (13.9%)	9 (7.8%)	0.181
Associated gallstone
Absent	18 (15.7%)	21 (18.3%)	0.355
Present	42 (36.5%)	34 (29.6%)	0.355
Liver function
ALT	63.9 ± 160.8	89.0 ± 148.5	0.439
AST	48.3 ± 99.8	63.9 ± 106.0	0.471
Serum total bilirubin (mg/dL)	23.7 ± 44.4	54.3 ± 95.1	0.056
Albumin (g/dL)	*39.5 ± 4.6*	*37.4 ± 4.9*	*0.04*
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	128.7 ± 15.3	122.7 ± 19.5	0.087
Platelet count (×10⁴/mm³)	209.3 ± 63.1	235.3 ± 80.7	0.056
WBC count (×10⁹/mm³)	*6.85 ± 3.84*	*8.30 ± 3.45*	*0.048*
CA19-9 (U/mL)	131.6 ± 263.7	474.1 ± 370.9	0.132
CEA (ng/mL)	6.3 ± 21.7	13.4 ± 47.6	0.358
CA125 (U/mL)	*35.3 ± 55.8*	*95.1 ± 141.6*	*0.025*
Histologic differentiation			*<0.001*
Well	*11 (9.6%)*	*4 (3.5%)*
Moderate	*38 (33.0%)*	*21 (18.3%)*
Poor	*11 (9.6%)*	*29 (25.2%)*
Undifferentiated	*1 (0.9%)*
Tumor invasion
Tis-T₁	*15 (13.0%)*	*5 (4.4%)*	*0.019*
T₂-T₄	*42 (36.5%)*	*49 (42.6%)*
Not available	*3 (2.6%)*	*1 (0.9%)*
Lymph node metastasis
Absent	*48 (41.7%)*	*25 (21.7%)*	*<0.001*
Present	*12 (10.4%)*	*30 (26.1%)*	*<0.001*
TNM stage
0-I	*25 (21.7%)*	*4 (3.5%)*	*<0.001*
II-IV	*35 (30.4%)*	*51 (44.4%)*	*<0.001*

Bold italics indicate statistically significant values (p < 0.05).
GBC, gallbladder carcinoma; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; WBC, white blood cell count; CA, carbohydrate antigen; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; TNM, tumor, node, metastasis classification system; CBD, common bile duct.
^a χ ² test or Student's t test.

ISSN: 1471-2407