Figure 1

ER stress induced by PA-MSHA in breast cancer cell lines. A. MDA-MB-231HM cells treated by PBS or PA-MSHA (10 × 10⁸/ml) for 48 h were visualized by light microscopy. Increased cellular vacuolization was observed in PA-MSHA group. B. MDA-MB-231HM cells treated by PBS or PA-MSHA (10 × 10⁸/ml) for 48 h were visualized by electron microscopy (×8400). Cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in PA-MSHA group (Figure1B). → point to normal ER. * indicate dilated ER cavity. N, Nucleus. C. The expression of GRP78/Bip and CHOP in MDA-MB-231HM cells exposed to PA-MSHA (10 × 10⁸/ml) at indicated time points. TM group: MDA-MB-231HM cells were treated by tunicamycin (5 mg/mL) for 24 hours. CON group: MDA-MB-231HM cells were treated by PBS for 24 hours.