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Table 4 Performance of cluster of symptoms and the symptom index for the differentiation of women with malignant ovarian tumors from women with benign tumors

From: Symptoms, CA125 and HE4 for the preoperative prediction of ovarian malignancy in Brazilian women with ovarian masses

Symptoms

Sensitivity (%) (95% CI)

Specificity (%) (95%)

PPV (%)

NPV(%)

Cluster abdomen

68.3 (59.9 to 63.1)

69.0 (58.6 to 79.3)

80.8

53.2

Cluster pain

55.0 (45.0 to 64.0)

77.8 (67.2 to 88.4)

77.1

55.0

Cluster eating

45.0 (36.0 to 54.0)

88.0 (78.1 to 98.0)

75.7

65.8

Cluster miscellaneous

35.0 (26.3 to 43.6)

84.6 (73.3 to 96.0)

71.7

53.8

Cluster digestion

29.5 (21.2 to 37.8)

91.4 (81.1 to 100.0)

71.3

64.3

Back Pain

28.3 (20.1 to 36.5)

91.4 (80.8 to 100)

71.1

63.0

Able to feel abdominal mass

23.3 (15.7 to 31.0)

90.6 (79.1 to 100)

69.7

56.0

Cluster bladder

23.3 (15.7 to 31.0)

82.9 (70.2 to 95.6)

67.8

41.2

Leg swelling

10.0 (4.6 to 15.4)

90.6 (76.7 to 100)

66.2

35.3

Symptom index (SI)

78.3 (70.8 to 85.8)

60.3 (5.4 to 70.3)

50.5

84.3

  1. Clusters of symptoms and isolated symptoms were defined by the Ward agglomerative method: abdomen (abdominal bloating and/or increased abdominal size); pain (pelvic and/or abdominal pain); eating (unable to eat normally and/or feeling full quickly); miscellaneous (fatigue and/or difficulty breathing); digestion (indigestion and/or nauseas/vomiting); back pain; able to feel abdominal mass; bladder (urinary urgency and/or frequent urination), leg swelling. Symptom index (SI) = presence of at least one of the symptoms included in the clusters abdomen, pain and/or eating.