Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: determinants of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide concentration and risk of colorectal cancer in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study

Table 4 Creatinine-adjusted urinary 1-OHPG concentration (μmol/mol creatinine) in relation to recent exposures reported on the sample collection questionnaire

Exposure	N	GM (95% CI)	P value
Smoking variables
In the last week
No	626	0.17 (0.16-0.19)	0.10
Yes	26	0.26 (0.15-0.46)
In the last 24 hours
No	627	0.17 (0.16-0.19)	Ref
Yes	25	0.27 (0.15-0.48)	0.09
1-5 cigarettes	11	0.22 (0.09-0.55)
6-10 cigarettes	9	0.22 (0.09-0.54)	P_trend = 0.04
>10 cigarettes	5	0.60 (0.05-6.73)
Number of cigarettes in last week as a continuous variable	652	β = 0.008	0.03
Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours as a continuous variable	652	β = 0.053	0.04
Food consumption variables
Fried dough products
In the last week
No	446	0.17 (0.15-0.19)	0.3
Yes	206	0.19 (0.16-0.23)
In the last 24 hours
No	587	0.17 (0.15-0.19)	0.01
Yes	65	0.26 (0.19-0.34)
Fried meats
In the last week
No	500	0.18 (0.16-0.20)	0.9
Yes	152	0.18 (0.14-0.21)
In the last 24 hours
No	583	0.18 (0.16-0.20)	0.9
Yes	69	0.18 (0.14-0.24)
Stir-fried or roasted meats
In the last week
No	110	0.19 (0.15-0.25)	0.4
Yes	542	0.17 (0.16-0.19)
In the last 24 hours
No	297	0.19 (0.16-0.22)	0.3
Yes	355	0.17 (0.15-0.19)

Abbreviations: 1-OHPG 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide, GM geometric mean, CI confidence interval.

ISSN: 1471-2407