Table 4 Effect sizes of yoga versus no treatment and active control interventions
From: Yoga for breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Outcomea | No. of studies | No. of patients (yoga) | No. of patients (control) | Standardized mean difference [95% confidence interval] | P (overall effect) | Heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2; Chi2; P | ||||||
Yoga versus no treatment | ||||||
Short-term | ||||||
 Global quality of life | 3 | 127 | 85 | 0.29 [0.01, 0.57] | 0.04 | 0%; 0.75; 0.69 |
 Mental well-being | 5 | 161 | 123 | 0.09 [−0.15, 0.33] | 0.46 | 0%; 3.40; 0.49 |
 Physical well-being | 5 | 161 | 123 | 0.51 [−0.33, 1.34] | 0.23 | 89%; 37.26; <0.01 |
 Functional well-being | 4 | 134 | 92 | 0.30 [0.03, 0.57] | 0.03 | 0%; 1.14; 0.77 |
 Social well-being | 3 | 161 | 123 | 0.32 [0.08, 0.56] | <0.01 | 0%; 3.49; 0.48 |
 Spiritual well-being | 2 | 97 | 58 | 0.41 [0.08, 0.74] | 0.01 | 0%; 0.11; 0.74 |
 Anxiety | 2 | 111 | 75 | −0.58 [−1.22, 0.07] | 0.08 | 75%; 3.93; 0.05 |
 Depression | 2 | 40 | 45 | −0.35 [−0.81, 0.12] | 0.14 | 11%; 1.12; 0.29 |
 Psychological distress | 3 | 124 | 89 | −0.19 [−0.70, 0.32] | 0.47 | 64%; 5.55; 0.06 |
Yoga versus active control interventions | ||||||
Short-term | ||||||
 Mental well-being | 2 | 63 | 60 | 1.19 [0.13, 2.26] | 0.03 | 81%; 5.9; 0.02 |
 Anxiety | 3 | 105 | 90 | −2.21 [−3.90, -0.52] | 0.01 | 95%; 42.26; <0.01 |
 Depression | 4 | 121 | 105 | −2.29 [−3.97, -0.61] | <0.01 | 96%; 74.01; <0.01 |
 Perceived stress | 3 | 93 | 71 | −1.14 [−2.16, -0.12] | 0.03 | 88%; 16.42; <0.01 |
 Psychological distress | 3 | 91 | 94 | −1.55 [−2.48, -0.61] | <0.01 | 85%; 13.68; <0.01 |