Table 2 Reports of brain cancer incidence in physicians, radiologists and interventionalists

Matanoski et al., 1975 [32]

Cohort study of mortality in 6,500 US male radiologists (years first worked 1920–1969) over a 50-year period

Excess cancer risk among radiologists compared with other physicians

Wang JX et al., 1990 [33]

Cohort study of Chinese diagnostic x-ray workers (1950 to 1985)

Trend of excess cancer risk (standardized incidence ratio 1.2 for employment duration 10–14 years; 2.3 for 15–19 years) compared to non-radiation medical workers, not available for brain cancer

Andersson M et al., 1991 [34]

Cohort study of Danish radiation therapy workers

Trend of excess cancer risk (standardized incidence ratio 1.09 with measured radiation dose < 5 mSv, and 2.23 with dose 5–50 mSv), not available for brain cancer

Carozza et al., 2000 [35]

Case–control study of occupation and glioma

Physicians at increased, albeit imprecise, risk of glioma (OR 3.5, CI 0.7- 17)

Andersen M et al., 1999 [36]

Population-based study of occupation and cancer incidence (from the 1990s to 1980s)

Brain cancer increased among physicians in general; no breakdown by specialty

Hardell et al., 2001 [37]

Case control study of 233 gliomas

Excess cancer risk of 6.0 in fluoroscopists

Blettner et al., 2007 [38]

Case control study of German patients (age 30–59 years at diagnosis) with brain cancer in 2001–2003

Occupational exposure (physicians, nurses, radiographers) with OR 2.49 (0.74–8.38) for neurinoma, OR close to 1 for glioma and meningioma

Finkelstein et al., 1998 [39]

Report of a case cluster (1990s)

Brain cancer in two interventionalists

Roguin et al., 2012 [40]

Report of a case cluster (2000s)

3 brain gliomas and 1 meningioma, left-sided, in 4 interventional cardiologists