Mutational profiling reveals PIK3CA mutations in gallbladder carcinoma

BMC Cancer

Table 4 Mutational Spectrum of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes

Gene	GBC (%)	EHCC (%)	IHCC (%)	Method	Refs.
CTNNB1/ β-CATENIN	5			SEQ	[33]
	9	0		SEQ	[34]
	0			SEQ	[35]
KRAS	38			PCR-SSCP	[5]
	20			PCR-RFLP	[16]
	19			PCR-RFLP	[32]
	3	15		SEQ	[3]
		10		PCR-SSCP	[15]
			54	SEQ	[6]
			45	SEQ	[2]
			48	SEQ	[36]
	0	0	13	OncoMap
BRAF	33			SEQ	[7]
			22	SEQ	[2]
	0	0	0	SEQ & GLCR	[8]
EGFR	9	18	20	SEQ	[9]
		6		SEQ	[10]
	12	5	10	IHC and FISH	[37]
PIK3CA	4	0	9	SEQ	[11]
	13	0	0	OncoMap
ERBB2/ HER-2	16	5	0	IHC and FISH	[37]
P16INK4A	31			SSCP	[16]
	62	55		numerous	[13]
			88	numerous	[6]
TP53	36			SSCP	[16]
		33		PCR-SSCP	[15]
			37	SEQ	[14]
SMAD4		16		PCR-SSCP	[12]
		55	13	IHC	[38]
STK11/LKB1		6		SEQ	[39]

Abbreviations: GBC; gallbladder carcinoma, IHCC; intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma, EHCC; extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma, SEQ; sequencing, PCR-SSCP; polymerase chain reaction single-strand confirmation polymorphism, RFLP; restriction fragment length polymorphism, GLCR; gap ligase chain reaction.

ISSN: 1471-2407