Table 5 Overview of previously published case-control serologic studies of genitourinary pathogens with regard to prostate cancer risk
Author | Year | Pathogen studied | No. of subjects with PCa | % sero-positive | No. of controls without PCa | % sero-positive | RR/OR | 95% CI | Evidence of association | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sutcliffe [30] | 2010 | HPV 16 | 616 | 14.5 | 616 | 13.7 | OR 1.07 | 0.77-1.48 | no | ELISA |
| Â | Â | HPV 18 | 616 | 3.3 | 616 | 3.7 | OR 0.87 | 0.47-1.63 | no | Â |
| Â | Â | HPV 31 | 616 | 12.3 | 616 | 10.8 | OR 1.15 | 0.8-1.64 | no | Â |
Dennis [27] | 2009 | HPV 16/18 | 267 | 18.7 | 267 | 16.9 | OR 1.13 | 0.73-1.75 | no | ELISA |
Huang [26] | 2008 | HPV 16 | 765 | 10.1 | 915 | 10.6 | OR 0.9 | 0.7-1.3 | no | ELISA |
| Â | Â | HPV 18 | 765 | 9.4 | 915 | 8.1 | OR 1.2 | 0.8-1.7 | no | Â |
Sitas [9] | 2007 | HPV 16 | 205 | 68.0 | 673 | 58.0 | OR 1.33 | 0.86-2.07 | no | ELISA |
Sutcliffe [28] | 2007 | HPV 16 | 691 | 7.5 | 691 | 8.8 | OR 0.83 | 0.57-1.23 | no | ELISA |
| Â | Â | HPV 18 | 691 | 6.1 | 691 | 5.8 | OR 1.04 | 0.66-1.64 | no | Â |
| Â | Â | HPV 33 | 691 | 7.2 | 691 | 6.4 | OR 1.14 | 0.76-1.72 | no | Â |
Korodi [8] | 2005 | HPV 16 | 799 | 6.0 | 2596 | 6.0 | OR 0.9 | 0.64-1.26 | no | ELISA |
| Â | Â | HPV 18 | 799 | 3.0 | 2595 | 4.0 | OR 0.79 | 0.49-1.26 | no | Â |
| Â | Â | HPV 33 | 800 | 9.0 | 2596 | 7.0 | OR 0.99 | 0.72-1.38 | no | Â |
Adami [29] | 2003 | HPV 16 | 238 | 13.0 | 210 | 15.0 | OR 0.7 | 0.4-1.3 | no | ELISA |
| Â | Â | HPV 18 | 238 | 12.0 | 210 | 12.0 | OR 0.9 | 0.5-1.9 | no | Â |
| Â | Â | HPV 33 | 238 | 29.0 | 210 | 23.0 | OR 1.6 | 1.0-2.7 | yes | Â |
Rosenblatt [32] | 2003 | HPV 16 | 642 | 9.2 | 570 | 8.8 | OR 1.06 | 0.71-1.57 | no | ELISA |
| Â | Â | HPV 18 | 642 | 3.4 | 570 | 2.5 | OR 1.36 | 0.69-2.69 | no | Â |
Hayes [31] | 2000 | HPV 16 | 276 | 6.9 | 295 | 5.1 | OR 1.4 | 0.7-2.8 | no | ELISA |
Hisada [6] | 2000 | HPV 16 | 48 | 42.0 | 63 | 30.0 | OR 2.7 | 0.9-7.9 | no | ELISA |
Dillner [23] | 1998 | HPV 16 | 165 | 4.0 | 290 | 2.0 | RR 2.4 | 0.75-7.58 | no | ELISA |
| Â | Â | HPV 18 | 165 | 10.0 | 290 | 4.0 | RR 2.6 | 1.17-5.75 | yes | Â |
| Â | Â | HPV 33 | 164 | 4.0 | 289 | 6.0 | RR 0.7 | 0.26-1.66 | no | Â |
Strickler [5] | 1998 | HPV 16 | 63 | 1.6 | 144 | 4.9 | NS | NS | no | ELISA |
Dennis [26] | 2009 | Ch. trachomatis | 267 | 14.6 | 267 | 11.6 | OR 1.35 | 0.79-2.31 | no | Microimmuno-fluorescence |
Huang [25] | 2008 | Ch. trachomatis | 765 | 11.2 | 915 | 9.7 | OR 1.2 | 0.9-1.6 | no | ELISA |
Sutcliffe [27] | 2007 | Ch. trachomatis | 691 | 4.0 | 691 | 3.5 | OR 1.13 | 0.65-1.96 | no | ELISA |
Antilla [7] | 2005 | Ch. trachomatis | 738 | 7.5 | 2271 | 10.5 | OR 0.69 | 0.51-0.94 | yes* | Microimmuno-fluorescence |
Dillner [24] | 1998 | Ch. trachomatis | 165 | 10.9 | 290 | 10.7 | RR 1.04 | 0.54-2.00 | no | Microimmuno-fluorescence |
Hayes [31] | 2000 | T. pallidum | 271 | 10.7 | 286 | 6.3 | OR 1.8 | 1.0-3.5 | yes | Microhemagglut-ination assay (MHA-TP) |
Dennis [27] | 2009 | HSV 2 | 267 | 28.5 | 267 | 20.6 | OR 1.6 | 1.05-2.44 | yes | ELISA |
Huang [26] | 2008 | HSV 2 | 765 | 9.2 | 915 | 9.7 | OR 0.9 | 0.7-1.3 | no | enzymatic immunodot assay |
Korodi [25] | 2005 | HSV 2 | 163 | 7.2 | 288 | 7.5 | OR 0.93 | 0.44-1.96 | no | ELISA |
Baker [4] | 1981 | HSV 2 | 50 | 68.0 | 159 | 51.0 | NS | NS | yes | indirect hemagglutination inhibition test |
Herbert [3] | 1976 | HSV 2 | 28 | 71.4 | 29 | 65.5 | NS | NS | no | microcomplement fixation test |
Huang [26] | 2008 | CMV | 765 | 70.3 | 915 | 68.4 | OR 1.1 | 0.9-1.3 | no | ELISA |