Table 1 Characteristics of Studies Included in the Meta-analysis
From: Fish consumption and the risk of gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Reference | Design | Country | No. of Cases/No. of Non-cases | OR or RR (95% CI) | Fish Consumption Levels | Covariate Adjustment | Methods Used for Assessing Dietary Dntake |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Buiatti 1991 | PCC | Italy | 510/1159 | 1.00 (0.80-1.30) | T3 vs. T1 | Age, sex, area, place of residence, migration, socioeconomic status, familiar GC history, Quetelet index, total caloric intake | Interview with a structured questionnaire |
Chen 2002 | PCC | China | 124/449 | 0.58 (0.25-1.40) | Q4 vs. Q1 | Age, sex, energy intake, respondent type, BMI, alcohol use, tobacco use, eduction, family history, vitamin supplement use | Interview with a modified version of the short Health Habits and History Questionnaire |
Cornée 1995 | HCC | France | 92/128 | 0.97 (0.48-1.96) | Q3 vs. Q1 | Age, sex, occupation and total energy intake | Interview with a dietary history questionnaire |
De Stefani 2004 | HCC | Uruguay | 240/960 | 0.73 (0.51-1.03) | T3 vs. T1 | Age, sex, residence, urban/rural status, education, boby mass index, toal energy intake | Interview with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) |
Fernandez 1999 | HCC | Italy | 745/7990 | 0.80 (0.70-0.90) | Increment 1 serving/wk vs. 1 Serving/wk | Age, sex, area of residence, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index | Interview with a structured questionnaire |
Hamada 2002 | HCC | Brazil | 96/192 | 0.30 (0.10-2.20) | Daily vs. <1 d/week | Beef comsuption, country of birth | Interview with a questionnaire |
Hoshiyama 1992 | PCC | Japan | 216/483 | 0.90 (0.50-1.40) | ≥15/week vs. ≤4/week |  | Interview with a lifestyle questionnaire |
Hu 2008 | PCC | Canada | 1182/5039 | 1.3 (1.00-1.60) | Q3vs. Q1 (≥5 oz/week vs. ≤2 oz/week) | Age, province, education, body mass index, sex, alcohol use, pack-year smoking, total of vegetable and fruit intake | Mail with a short version of the Block food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) |
Muñoz 2001 | PCC | France | 302/485 | 0.36 (0.22-0.60) | Q4 vs. Q1 | age, sex, tobacco, alcohol, total calories and SES | Interview with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) |
Phukan 2006 | HCC | India | 329/665 | 0.18 (0.02-5.30) | ≥2/week vs. never | Level of education, tobacco use, alcohol drinking, | Interview with a structured pretested questionnaire |
Pourfarzi 2009 | PCC | Iran | 210/389 | 0.37 (0.19-0.70) | ≥1/week vs. never or infrequently | Gender, age group, education, family history of GC, citrus fruit, garlic, onion, red meat, fish, diary products, strength and warmth of tea, preference for salt intake and H. pylori | Interviewed with a structured questionnaire |
Rao 2002 | HCC | India | 119/1591 | 1.4 (0.95-2.00) | At least once a week vs. never or once in 2 weeks | Habit, age group and sex | Interview with a questionnaire |
Ito 2003 | HCC | Japan | 508/36490 | 0.60 (0.40-0.90) | ≥ 5 times/week vs. < 1 time/week | Age, year, season at first hospital visit, smoking habit and family history of gastric cancer | Interview with a self-administered questionnaire |
Takezaki 2001 | PCC | China | 187/333 | 1.35 (0.64-2.85) | ≥3 times/week vs. <1 time/month | Age, sex, smoking and drinking | Interview with a structured questionnaire |
Ward 1999 | PCC | Mexico | 220/752 | 2.20 (1.20-3.80) | ≥2.6 times/week vs. <1 time/week | Age, gender, total calories, chilli pepper consumption, added salt, history of peptic ulcer, cigarette smoking and socioeconomic status | Interview with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire |
Larsson 2006 | cohort | Sweden | 136/61433 | 1.14 (0.75-1.72) | Highest vs. lowest | Age, education, body mass index, intake of total energy, alcohol, fruits and vegetables | Mail with a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) |
Ngoan 2002 | cohort | Japan | 107/12365 | 0.90 (0.30-2.10) | ≥1 time/day vs. ≤2-4 time/month | Sex, age, smoking and other dietary factors | Interview with a self-administered questionnaire |