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Table 2 Clinicopathological and lifestyle characteristics of colorectal cancer cases by BRAF or K-ras mutation status and K-ras mutated cancers by specific K-ras mutation types.

From: Dietary, lifestyle and clinicopathological factors associated with BRAF and K-ras mutations arising in distinct subsets of colorectal cancers in the EPIC Norfolk study

 

BRAFmutation

K-rasmutation

K-rasmutation type

Characteristic

Wildtype n= 157†

Mutant n= 29†

P ‡

Wildtype n= 145†

Mutant n= 41†

P ‡

G to A n= 22†

Other n= 17†

P ‡

Sex

         

   Male

52.9 (83)

34.5 (10)

 

46.9 (68)

61.0 (25)

 

63.6 (14)

58.8 (10)

 

   Female

47.1 (74)

65.5 (19)

0.07

53.1 (77)

39.0 (16)

0.11

36.4 (8)

41.2(7)

0.76

Age at diagnosis (years)

70.1 (7.9)

72.9 (5.5)

0.07*

71.1 (7.1)

68.5 (8.9)

0.06*

67.2 (9.4)

69.4 (8.7)

0.46*

Tumour location

         

   Proximal colonic

28.3 (41)

75.0 (21)

 

33.1 (44)

45.0 (18)

 

42.9 (9)

52.9 (9)

 

   Distal colonic/Rectal

71.7 (104)

25.0 (7)

<0.001

66.9 (89)

55.0 (22)

0.17

57.1 (12)

47.1 (8)

0.54

Differentiation

         

   Well/Moderate

90.6 (125)

59.3 (16)

(FET)

85.8 (109)

84.2 (32)

 

80.0 (16)

87.5 (14)

(FET)

   Poor

9.4 (13)

40.7 (11)

<0.001

14.2 (18)

15.8 (6)

0.80

20.0 (4)

12.5 (2)

0.67

Dukes' Stage

         

   A/B

54.5 (73)

57.7 (15)

 

61.9 (78)

29.4 (10)

 

27.8 (5)

33.3 (5)

(FET)

   C/D

45.5 (61)

42.3 (11)

0.76

38.1 (48)

70.6 (24)

0.001

72.2 (13)

66.7 (101)

1.00

MSI status

         

   MSS

90.8 (129)

42.9 (12)

(FET)

78.4 (105)

100.0 (36)

 

a

a

 

   MSI

9.2 (13)

57.1 (16)

<0.001

21.6 (29)

0.0 (0)

0.002

a

a

a

BMI (kg/m2)

27.3 (4.3)

26.6 (4.3)

0.41*

27.0 (4.3)

27.9 (4.3)

0.26*

28.1 (4.3)

27.7 (4.7)

0.74*

Alcohol intake (g/d)

9.9 (15.3)

5.1 (10.4)

0.11*

8.6 (14.1)

11.1 (16.6)

0.36*

11.1 (18.0)

8.6 (11.1)

0.62*

Smoking status

         

   Current

9.9 (15)

13.8 (4)

 

11.4 (16)

7.3 (3)

 

13.6 (3)

0.0 (0)

 

   Former

46.1 (70)

48.3 (14)

 

45.7 (64)

48.8 (20)

 

45.5 (10)

52.9 (9)

 

   Never

44.1 (67)

37.9 (11)

0.74

42.9 (60)

43.9 (18)

0.75

40.9 (9)

47.1 (8)

0.29

Physical activity

         

   Low

66.7 (104)

69.0 (20)

 

66.0 (95)

70.7 (29)

 

63.6 (14)

76.5 (13)

 

   High

33.3 (52)

31.0 (9)

0.81

34.0 (49)

29.3 (12)

0.57

36.4 (8)

23.5 (4)

0.49

HRT satatus

         

   Current

9.6 (7)

5.3 (1)

 

9.2 (7)

6.2 (1)

 

b

b

 

   Former

16.4 (12)

21.1 (4)

 

17.1 (13)

18.8 (3)

 

b

b

 

   Never

74.0 (54)

73.7 (14)

0.78

73.7 (56)

75.0 (12)

0.93

b

b

b

LDL (mmol/l)

4.14 (1.1)

4.06 (1.1)

0.75*

4.19 (1.2)

3.91 (0.8)

0.19*

3.85 (0.7)

3.93 (1.0)

0.79*

HDL (mmol/l)

1.30 (0.4)

1.33 (0.3)

0.63*

1.33 (0.4)

1.19 (0.4)

0.04*

1.16 (0.4)

1.16 (0.4)

0.96*

Triglyceride (mmol/l)

2.11 (1.2)

1.94 (1.1)

0.48*

2.02 (1.1)

2.34 (1.3)

0.12*

2.23 (1.2)

2.59 (1.5)

0.43*

Plasma vitamin C (μmol/l)

52.0 (24.3)

48.0 (20.9)

0.44*

52.5 (24.8)

47.5 (20.0)

0.28*

45.4 (19.7)

50.0 (20.9)

0.52*

  1. ‡P values determined by χ2 test or Fisher's exact test when one or more expected values were less than 5 (denoted by FET). *: ANOVA tests used to calculate p-values. Results presented as [n (%)] or [mean (± SD)]. HRT: hormone replacement therapy. MSI: Microsatellite instability. MSS: Microsatellite stable. † Not all individuals had data for each variable, in these cases these individuals were omitted from the test. For HRT testing only females were analysed, for which 92 had data available. aMicrosatellite instability was not tested relative to different K-ras mutation types as none of the cancers harbouring K-ras mutation exhibited microsatellite instability. bHRT status was not tested relative to different K-ras mutation types due to the low numbers of cases available for testing.
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BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

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