Table 1 Literature data on ethyl carbamate in recorded and unrecorded alcoholic beverages from the market and from experimental studies

1. Cachaça

Farah Nagato et al. [41]

Recorded, column/pot still, Brazilian market

São Paulo State, Brazil

13

0.33

0.24

0.68

0.95

1.14

1.20

69%

Boscolo [49]

Recorded, Brazilian market

Different states, Brazil

84

0.90

-^a

-

-

-

5.5

87%

Andrade-Sobrinho et al. [19]

Recorded, column/pot still, Brazilian market

Different states, Brazil

126

0.77 (pot still: 0.63; column still: 0.93)

0.479

-

-

-

5.70

79%

Lelis [42]

Recorded, un-recorded column/

Pot still, Brazilian market.

Different states, Brazil

75

0.38 (pot still: 0.40; column still: 0.29)

0.36

0.63

0.83

0.91

0.95

87%

Baffa Júnior et al. [43]

Recorded, Brazilian market

Minas Gerais State, Brazil

22

1.20

0.60

1.67

1.96

10.19

12.38

77%

EFSA 2007 [4]

Recorded, European market

No data

19

0.229

0.11

-

0.478

-

0.73

-

Barcelos et al. [44]

Pot still, experimental

Minas Gerais State, Brazil

52

0.243

-

-

-

-

0.643

-

Bruno et al. [45]

Recorded, column/

pot still, experimental,

Brazilian market

Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

34

0.17 (pot still: 0.11; column still: 0.31)

0.10

0.42

0.60

0.68

0.71

44%

Labanca et al. [46]

Recorded, pot still Brazilian market,

Minas Gerais State, Brazil

69

0.89

0.79

1.78

2.10

2.42

2.61

93%

Andrade Sobrinho et al. [47]

Recorded, Sampling 2002

Sao Paulo State, Brazil

108

0.14

0.07

0.29

0.55

1.23

1.39

27%

Andrade Sobrinho et al. [47]

Recorded, sampling 2004

Different

States, Brazil

36

-

0.108

-

-

-

0.46

33%

Andrade Sobrinho et al. [47]

Recorded, Brazilian market, sampling 2005

Brazil

41

-

0.163

-

-

-

1.16

58%

Andrade Sobrinho et al. [47]

Recorded, sampling 2006

Different

States, Brazil

34

-

0.085

-

-

-

0.646

24%

Andrade Sobrinho et al. [47]

Recorded, Brazilian market,

sampling 2006

Brazil

35

-

0.138

-

-

-

1.67

49%

Nóbrega et al. [17]

Recorded, pot still Brazilian market

Paraíba

State, Brazil

25

0.22

0.20

0.40

0.42

0.63

0.70

68%

Lachenmeier et al. [18]

Recorded, un-recorded, column/

pot still, European/Brazilian markets

Different States, Brazil

42

0.27 (pot still: 0.15; column still: 0.37)

0.18

0.55

0.68

1.27

1.54

56%

Reche and Franco [48]^b

Pot still, experimental

Brazil

73

0.11

0.05

0.24

0.29

0.83

1.29

15%

Reche and Franco [48]^b

Column still, experimental

Brazil

42

0.42

0.41

1.79

2.10

2.93

3.37

83%

This study

Recorded, column/

pot still Brazilian market

Pernambuco

State, Brazil

33

0.18 (pot still: 0.06; column still: 0.30)

0.19

0.33

0.39

0.49

0.53

55%

2. Tiquira

Boscolo et al. [50]

No data

Maranhão State, Brazil

12

3.51

3.26

6.01

7.95

9.75

10.2

100%

Farah Nagato et al. [41]

No data

Maranhão State, Brazil

1

0.80

-

-

-

-

-

-

Andrade-Sobrinho et al. [19]

No data

Maranhão State, Brazil

37

2.35

1.80

5.36

6.10

8.60

10.00

100%

Andrade Sobrinho et al. [47]

No data

Maranhão State, Brazil

45

2.06

1.51

4.67

6.01

8.41

10.2

98%

3. Other Beverages

Farah Nagato et al. [41]

Whisky/Fruit spirit,

Brazilian market

Scotland/

Brazil.

2

0.7 (Scotch), 1.41 (Fruit spirit)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Andrade-Sobrinho et al. [19]

Grappa, Italian/

Brazilian markets.

Italy and Brazil

6

0.02

0.01

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.07

Andrade-Sobrinho et al. [19]

Whisky, Brazilian market

USA and Scotland

19

0.14

0.10

0.22

0.35

0.39

0.40

26%

Francisquetti et al. [51]

Wines including sparkling wines, Brazilian market

R. Grande do Sul St, Brazil

124

0.004 to 0.019

-

-

-

-

0.07

0%

Ferreira et al. [52]

Orange press liquor spirit, experimental, not commercially available

Brazil

10

n.d.^c

-

-

-

-

-

0%