Skip to main content

Table 3 Associations between intake of fat-soluble antioxidants and survival following glioma diagnosis†, stratified by histology group

From: Daily intake of antioxidants in relation to survival among adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma

Nutrient (unit) Tertiles

All or self-report (SR) only

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

     

(143 cases, 72 deaths)

(130 cases, 103 deaths)

(475 cases, 473 deaths)

 

Lower limit

 

Upper limit

 

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Vitamin E (mg)

T1:

0.8

to

6.4

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

6.5

to

9.4

 

1.00

(0.44-2.27)

1.02

(0.60-1.74)

1.15

(0.89-1.50)

T3:

9.5

to

42.1

 

1.05

(0.33-3.33)

0.37*

(0.17-0.81)

0.81

(0.58-1.12)

T1:

0.8

to

6.4

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

6.5

to

9.4

 

0.87

(0.38-2.01)

1.75

(0.83-3.69)

1.06

(0.74-1.53)

T3:

9.5

to

42.1

 

0.82

(0.23-2.95)

1.06

(0.38-2.98)

0.97

(0.62-1.51)

Alpha-carotene (mcg)

       

T1:

7.4

to

427.1

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

428.6

to

916.1

 

0.64

(0.29-1.40)

1.44

(0.81-2.56)

0.99

(0.76-1.28)

T3:

917.8

to

17008.2

 

1.10

(0.55-2.22)

0.91

(0.48-1.72)

1.06

(0.80-1.40)

T1:

7.4

to

427.1

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

428.6

to

916.1

 

0.65

(0.28-1.53)

.12*

(1.08-4.18)

0.88

(0.60-1.27)

T3:

917.8

to

17008.2

 

1.20

(0.57-2.53)

1.18

(0.57-2.45)

1.18

(0.81-1.72)

Beta-carotene (mcg)

       

T1:

257.7

to

2070.1

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

2070.2

to

3754.1

 

0.86

(0.43-1.74)

0.95

(0.54-1.68)

1.08

(0.84-1.39)

T3:

3757.6

to

39807.1

 

0.92

(0.45-1.90)

0.76

(0.37-1.54)

1.11

(0.85-1.46)

T1:

257.7

to

2070.1

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

2070.2

to

3754.1

 

0.79

(0.36-1.71)

1.36

(0.64-2.90)

1.06

(0.74-1.53)

T3:

3757.6

to

39807.1

 

1.08

(0.53-2.21)

1.45

(0.61-3.48)

0.97

(0.66-1.41)

Carotenoids (mcg)

       

T1:

303.0

to

2501.5

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

2503.5

to

4658.0

 

0.89

(0.43-1.84)

1.05

(0.60-1.82)

1.11

(0.87-1.43)

T3:

4662.2

to

51458.1

 

0.91

(0.46-1.82)

0.68

(0.33-1.41)

1.18

(0.89-1.55)

T1:

303.0

to

2501.5

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

2503.5

to

4658.0

 

0.74

(0.34-1.64)

1.70

(0.84-3.46)

1.13

(0.78-1.63)

T3:

4662.2

to

51458.1

 

1.02

(0.50-2.06)

1.21

(0.50-2.90)

1.02

(0.69-1.50)

Lutein (mcg)

       

T1:

31.3

to

1285.5

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

1288.6

to

2687.6

 

0.69

(0.36-1.35)

0.60

(0.35-1.02)

0.96

(0.74-1.23)

T3:

2694.2

to

51290.4

 

0.56

(0.26-1.18)

1.03

(0.53-2.01)

1.19

(0.92-1.53)

T1:

31.3

to

1285.5

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

1288.6

to

2687.6

 

0.70

(0.35-1.43)

1.11

(0.55-2.26)

1.06

(0.73-1.53)

T3:

2694.2

to

51290.4

 

0.65

(0.30-1.41)

1.86

(0.72-4.78)

1.07

(0.74-1.53)

Lycopene (mcg)

       

T1:

0.0

to

914.8

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

915.8

to

2118.3

 

1.78

(0.92-3.46)

1.33

(0.77-2.31)

1.27

(0.99-1.62)

T3:

2121.5

to

26788.8

 

0.81

(0.37-1.80)

0.70

(0.36-1.36)

1.10

(0.85-1.44)

T1:

0.0

to

914.8

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

915.8

to

2118.3

 

2.31*

(1.12-4.75)

2.17*

(1.02-4.62)

1.10

(0.77-1.57)

T3:

2121.5

to

26788.8

 

1.00

(0.41-2.44)

2.31

(0.98-5.43)

1.00

(0.69-1.44)

Cryptoxanthin (mcg)

       

T1:

0.0

to

79.8

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

80.2

to

180.3

 

1.52

(0.70-3.29)

0.66

(0.37-1.18)

1.34*

(1.04-1.73)

T3:

180.4

to

1437.2

 

0.92

(0.39-2.17)

1.24

(0.66-2.33)

1.57*

(1.20-2.06)

T1:

0.0

to

79.8

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

80.2

to

180.3

 

1.83

(0.86-3.92)

1.04

(0.51-2.14)

1.19

(0.82-1.72)

T3:

180.4

to

1437.2

 

0.85

(0.35-2.08)

1.14

(0.52-2.51)

1.32

(0.90-1.93)

Coumestrol (mcg)

       

T1:

3.0

to

83.4

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

84.1

to

145.3

 

0.99

(0.51-1.90)

0.70

(0.38-1.30)

1.13

(0.88-1.45)

T3:

145.5

to

1315.3

 

0.77

(0.33-1.75)

1.06

(0.60-1.87)

1.16

(0.88-1.54)

T1:

3.0

to

83.4

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

84.1

to

145.3

 

1.11

(0.56-2.21)

1.41

(0.67-2.96)

0.98

(0.68-1.40)

T3:

145.5

to

1315.3

 

0.73

(0.29-1.82)

0.96

(0.45-2.05)

1.06

(0.72-1.57)

Matairesinol (mcg)

       

T1:

0.1

to

17.6

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

17.7

to

34.5

 

1.17

(0.55-2.49)

0.88

(0.51-1.52)

1.38*

(1.08-1.77)

T3:

34.6

to

218.6

 

0.78

(0.36-1.69)

0.86

(0.48-1.54)

1.20

(0.92-1.57)

T1:

0.1

to

17.6

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

17.7

to

34.5

 

1.14

(0.52-2.50)

1.27

(0.59-2.73)

1.34

(0.95-1.89)

T3:

34.6

to

218.6

 

0.88

(0.38-2.04)

1.00

(0.48-2.09)

1.07

(0.74-1.55)

Secoisolariciresinol (mcg)

       

T1:

6.3

to

87.3

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

87.4

to

146.0

 

1.25

(0.60-2.61)

0.54*

(0.31-0.93)

1.04

(0.81-1.33)

T3:

146.1

to

698.4

 

1.95

(0.93-4.10)

0.48*

(0.25-0.92)

1.32*

(1.02-1.72)

T1:

6.3

to

87.3

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

87.4

to

146.0

 

1.19

(0.52-2.73)

0.75

(0.38-1.49)

0.83

(0.58-1.21)

T3:

146.1

to

698.4

 

1.41

(0.63-3.15)

0.51

(0.22-1.19)

0.95

(0.66-1.36)

Linoleic acid (g)

       

T1:

1.6

to

8.9

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

9.0

to

14.6

 

1.21

(0.57-2.58)

1.15

(0.66-2.02)

1.03

(0.80-1.32)

T3:

14.7

to

57.7

 

0.95

(0.35-2.60)

0.50

(0.25-1.01)

0.87

(0.63-1.19)

T1:

1.6

to

8.9

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

9.0

to

14.6

 

1.14

(0.51-2.53)

0.88

(0.41-1.89)

0.85

(0.60-1.21)

T3:

14.7

to

57.7

 

1.17

(0.41-3.35)

0.59

(0.23-1.52)

0.96

(0.60-1.54)

  1. † adjusted for reporting status (all cases vs self reported cases only), age at diagnosis (<48,48-65,>65), treatment (radiation, chemo, surgery - yes/no), education (<12, 12, >12), marital status (yes/no), total calories (continuous), pack years (median = 18.5), and age at first alcoholic drink (<18,18-20,>20).
  2. * p < 0.05
Back to article page

BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

Contact us