Factors associated with use of breast cancer screening services by women aged ≥ 40 years in Korea: The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 (KNHANES III)

Table 3 Factors associated with breast cancer screening practice¹ in multivariate analysis² (n = 2,583)

Socio-demographic factors		Multivariate OR	95%CI
Age (years)	40-49	1.0(ref)
	50-64	1.16	0.92	1.47
	65+	0.61	0.42	0.88
Education	No	1.0(ref)
	Elementary school (≤ 6 years)	1.51	1.06	2.16
	Middle/high school (7-12 years)	1.99	1.36	2.92
	University or higher (≥ 13 years)	2.73	1.71	4.35
Household monthly income³	Lowest tertile (≤ US$650)	1.0(ref)
	Middle tertile (US$650-1,345)	0.94	0.73	1.21
	Highest tertile (≥ US$1,345)	0.99	0.75	1.3
Private health insurance	No	1.0(ref)
	Yes	1.42	1.12	1.79
Marital status⁴	With spouse	1.0(ref)
	Without spouse	1.07	0.85	1.35
Health behavioral risk factors
Alcohol	Never	1.0(ref)
	Less than once per month	1.09	0.87	1.37
	More than once per month	1.00	0.78	1.27
Lifetime smoker⁵	No	1.0(ref)
	Yes	0.52	0.35	0.79
Physical activity of moderate intensity⁶	Never	1.0(ref)
	More than once per week	1.11	0.9	1.37
	Everyday	1.12	0.84	1.5
Psychological and cognitive factors
Attitude towards effectiveness of medical examination	Effective	1.0(ref)
	Not effective/not received medical exam	0.18	0.14	0.23
Physical function and health status
Self-reported health status	Healthy	1.0(ref)
	Fair	1.26	1.00	1.58
	Unhealthy	0.94	0.71	1.24
Visual problem	No	1.0(ref)
	Yes	1.05	0.86	1.29
Hearing problem	No	1.0(ref)
	Yes	0.96	0.71	1.3
Walking problem	No	1.0(ref)
	Yes	1.21	0.91	1.62
Limitation in daily activities	No	1.0(ref)
	Yes	1.15	0.84	1.58

¹ Subjects who had undergone a mammography or breast ultrasonography within the previous 2 years were considered as having received breast cancer screening as recommended by the KNCSP guidelines
² Based on a multiple regression model including variables which were significantly associated with breast cancer screening participation in univariate analysis
³ To derive income per adult equivalent, we defined as household 'income/square root of person'
⁴ The term 'spouse' refers to an individual who is legally married or cohabiting, 'without spouse' refers to an individual who is single, divorced, or separated
⁵ 'Lifetime smoker' included respondents who reported that they have smoked at least 100 cigarettes and still smoke
⁶ Moderate-intensity activitieswere defined as lasting at least 10 minutes and increasing heart rate slightly compared with sedentary activities

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