Fig. 6

EPI regulates changes in chemokine levels. a-f RT-qPCR analyses the mRNA expression of chemokines and cytokines in the tumors of TC and EPI mice (n = 3). g-h ELISA analysis serum levels of Cxcl10 and Ccl5 in TC, TE and EPI treated mice (n = 8). i-j RT-qPCR detect the mRNA levels of Cxcl10 and Ccl5 in LLC cells after treated with different concentrations of EPI (0, 5, 10, 20 µM). k-l Cxcl10 and Ccl5 in the supernatant of LLC cells were measured by ELISA. m RT-qPCR analyses the mRNA expression of CD274 in the tumors of control TC and EPI groups (n = 3). n Western blot analyses PD-L1 in LLC cells after EPI treatment for 24 h at different concentration (0, 5, 10, 20 µM). Full-length blots/gels are presented in Fig. 6n of source data. o IHC staining of PD-L1 on tumor sections from indicated groups (n = 8). p Automatic quantification of PD-L1 IHC staining in indicated mice tumors (n = 8). q Graphical abstract of this study. Exercise-induced elevation of EPI is involved in regulating Ccl5 and Cxcl10 expression, subsequently promoting CD8⁺ T cells recruitment, and ultimately inhibiting tumor progression. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM in each group. Statistical analysis of a-f and m were performed using two-tailed unpaired t tests. g-l and p were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001