Fig. 5

Exercise inhibits tumor progression by upregulation of EPI levels. a Serum levels of EPI in Ctrl, Ex and Ex-post groups were detected by ELISA in tumor-bearing mice (n = 8). b-d EPI mice receiving daily injections of EPI (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) (n = 8) and TE mice with daily running for 14 days after tumor inoculation (n = 8) compared with TC mice (n = 8). b Representative images. c Tumor weights of indicated groups. d Tumor volumes of different groups. e IHC staining of CD8, CD4, CD3 and GZMB on tumor sections from indicated groups (n = 8). f Automatic quantification of CD8, CD4, CD3 and GZMB IHC staining in indicated mice tumors (n = 8). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM in each group. Statistical analysis of a was performed using two-tailed unpaired t tests. c, d and f were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001