Table 1 Potentially modifiable risk factors considered for each type of cancer
From: Proportion of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in Peru
TOPOGRAPHY | MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS |
|---|---|
Mouth, pharynx (C00-C14) | HPV infection, tobacco use, alcohol use, low fruit and vegetable consumption |
Esophagus (C15) | Current tobacco use, obesity, sedentary behavior, alcohol use |
Stomach (C16) | Helicobacter pylori infection, current tobacco use, obesity, red meat consumption, processed meat consumption |
Colorectal (C18-C21) | Current tobacco use, sedentary behavior, alcohol use, overweight, obesity, red meat consumption, processed meat consumption, low fruit and vegetable consumption. |
Liver (C22) | Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, current tobacco use, obesity, overweight |
Gallbladder (C23) | Obesity, overweight |
Pancreas (C25) | Tobacco use, alcohol use, obesity |
Larynx (C32) | HPV infection, current tobacco use, low fruit and vegetable consumption |
Lung (C34) | Current tobacco use, passive exposure to tobacco smoke, sedentary behavior, low fruit and vegetable consumption |
Melanoma of the skin (C43) | Ultraviolet radiation |
Kaposi Sarcoma (C46) | HHV-8 infection, HIV |
Breast (C50) | Tobacco use, passive exposure to tobacco smoke, obesity, overweight, sedentary behavior |
Cervix (C53) | HPV infection |
Endometrium (C54.1) | Obesity, overweight, sedentary behavior |
Ovaries (C56) | Obesity, overweight |
Penis (C60) | HPV infection |
Kidney (C64) | Tobacco use, overweight, obesity |
Bladder (C67) | Current tobacco use, overweight, obesity |
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (C81) | Epstein Barr virus, HIV, current tobacco use |
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (C82-C85, C96.3) | Epstein Barr virus, HIV, Hepatitis C virus |
Leukemias (C91-C95) | Tobacco use, obesity, overweight |