Table 6 Risk of bias assessment using QUIPS tool Risk of bias assessment using QUIPS tool
Study | 1.Study participation | 2.Study attrition | 3. PF measurement | 4. Outcome measurement | 5. Adjustment for other PF | 6. Statistical analysis and reporting | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bhogal,2015, [18] | Moda | Modc | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mod |
Chen,2022, [19] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Dai,2021, [15] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Deng,2023, [20] | Low | Modc | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Finkelstein,2008, [21] | Moda | Modc | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mod |
Imai,2016, [22] | Low | Modc | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Inoue,2020 [23] | Low | Mod | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Jung,2016, [24] | Low | Modc | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Kaibori,2012 [14] | Modb | Modc | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mod |
Lalmahomed,2015, [25] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Modf | Low | Low |
Lin,2018, [26] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Liu,2015, [27] | Moda | Modc | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mod |
Malik,2007, [28]Â | Low | Modc | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Mao,2017, [29] | Low | Modc | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Narita,2015, [30] | Low | Modc | Low | Low | Modf | Low | Mod |
Sakai,2021, [16] | Low | Modc | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Sun,2014, [31] | Moda | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Tabchouri,2018, [32] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Tanaka,2014, [33] | Moda | Modc | Low | Mode | Low | Low | High |
Viganò,2014, [34] | Modb | Modc | Modd | Low | Low | Low | High |
Viganò,2022, [12] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Watanabe,2020, [35] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Wong,2022, [36] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Yamashita,2011, [37] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |