Fig. 4

Common protocol of developing AI radiologist using WMH as the ground truth. In the training process, the AI algorithm model will be established by medical images with delineated tumor contours which are labeled using WMH as the ground truth. As the amount of medical images increase, the AI algorithm model will be continuously optimized. Human radiologist labeled tumor contours are used as a control group to evaluate the efficacy of AI algorithm model. After many cycles of iteration, the AI algorithm model will serve as the AI radiologist in future clinical practice. When medical images are received by the AI radiologists, they can generate binary or gradient cancer probability map on the corresponding medical images. AI = artificial intelligence; WMH = whole mount histopathology