Table 1 Characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohort
Variables | Total (n = 644) | Training group (n = 452) | Validation Group (n = 192) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Â | Â | Â | 0.808 |
 Male | 545 (85) | 381 (84) | 164 (85) |  |
 Female | 99 (15) | 71 (16) | 28 (15) |  |
Age (years) | 59.5 (53, 68) | 59 (51, 67) | 60 (54, 68) | 0.173 |
Etiology | Â | Â | Â | 0.145 |
 HBV | 511 (79) | 366 (81) | 145 (76) |  |
 Others | 133 (21) | 86 (19) | 47 (24) |  |
BCLC-stage | Â | Â | Â | 0.115 |
 0 | 47 (7) | 31 (7) | 16 (8) |  |
 A | 199 (31) | 128 (28) | 71 (37) |  |
 B | 211 (33) | 156 (35) | 55 (29) |  |
 C | 187 (29) | 137 (30) | 50 (26) |  |
CNLC-stage | Â | Â | Â | 0.181 |
 Ia | 112 (17) | 73 (16) | 39 (20) |  |
 Ib | 140 (22) | 90 (20) | 50 (26) |  |
 IIa | 69 (11) | 51 (11) | 18 (9) |  |
 IIb | 136 (21) | 101 (22) | 35 (18) |  |
 IIIa | 145 (23) | 103 (23) | 42 (22) |  |
 IIIb | 42 (7) | 34 (8) | 8 (4) |  |
Ascite | Â | Â | Â | 0.982 |
 No | 461 (72) | 324 (72) | 137 (71) |  |
 Mild | 165 (26) | 115 (26) | 50 (26) |  |
Moderate and above | 16 (2) | 11 (2) | 5 (3) | Â |
Liver cirrhosis | Â | Â | Â | 0.956 |
 No | 160 (25) | 113 (25) | 47 (24) |  |
 Yes | 483 (75) | 338 (75) | 145 (76) |  |
AFP | Â | Â | Â | 0.28 |
 ≤ 400 | 390 (64) | 267 (63) | 123 (68) |  |
 >400 | 215 (36) | 157 (37) | 58 (32) |  |
Child-Pugh score | Â | Â | Â | 0.725 |
 5 | 270 (42) | 189 (42) | 81 (43) |  |
 6 | 183 (29) | 135 (30) | 48 (25) |  |
 7 | 121 (19) | 83 (19) | 38 (20) |  |
 8 | 46 (7) | 30 (7) | 16 (8) |  |
 9 | 17 (3) | 11 (2) | 6 (3) |  |
Tumor size(cm) | 6.1 (3, 9.7) | 6.1 (3.1, 9.8) | 6.1 (3, 9.43) | 0.687 |
Tumor number | 2 (1, 4) | 3 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 4) | 0.058 |
Tumor Burden Score | Â | Â | Â | 0.784 |
 Low | 232 (36) | 159 (35) | 73 (38) |  |
 Medium | 227 (35) | 162 (36) | 65 (34) |  |
 High | 185 (29) | 131 (29) | 54 (28) |  |
Tumor extent | Â | Â | Â | 0.053 |
 Unilobar | 425 (67) | 288 (65) | 137 (73) |  |
 Mutilobar | 209 (33) | 158 (35) | 51 (27) |  |
Tumor capsule | Â | Â | Â | 0.236 |
 Complete | 298 (46) | 202 (45) | 96 (50) |  |
 Incomplete | 344 (54) | 249 (55) | 95 (50) |  |
Types of PVI | Â | Â | Â | 0.698 |
 No | 496 (77) | 344 (76) | 152 (79) |  |
 I(branch) | 97 (15) | 71 (16) | 26 (14) |  |
 II(trunk) | 51 (8) | 37 (8) | 14 (7) |  |
Extrahepatic metastasis | Â | Â | Â | 0.161 |
 No | 602 (93) | 418 (92) | 184 (96) |  |
 Yes | 42 (7) | 34 (8) | 8 (4) |  |
Lung meta | Â | Â | Â | 0.25 |
 No | 630 (98) | 440 (97) | 190 (99) |  |
 Yes | 14 (2) | 12 (3) | 2 (1) |  |
Bone meta | Â | Â | Â | 1 |
 No | 637 (99) | 447 (99) | 190 (99) |  |
 Yes | 7 (1) | 5 (1) | 2 (1) |  |
Number of TACE | Â | Â | Â | 1 |
 1 | 231 (36) | 162 (36) | 69 (36) |  |
 ≥ 2 | 413 (64) | 290 (64) | 123 (64) |  |
Types of TACE | Â | Â | Â | 0.612 |
conventional TACE | 555 (86) | 387 (86) | 168 (88) | Â |
drug-eluting beads TACE | 89 (14) | 65 (14) | 24 (12) | Â |