Fig. 10

Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanism of PAD2 in mammary carcinoma cell migration. a In low PAD2 expressing cells, E-cadherin is upregulated while the Rho family of small GTPases are downregulated, resulting in increased cell-cell adhesion. On the other hand, in high PAD2 expressing cells, E-cadherin is downregulated while Rho family of small GTPases are upregulated, causing increased cell migration. At the tissue level, this increased cell mobility may result in increased cell invasion similar to that observed in invasive mammary carcinoma