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Table 1 Socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics for the overall study population and according to cervical cytology results

From: Human papillomavirus prevalence, viral load and pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix in women initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Overall

N = 109

Normal/

ASCUS

Pap smear

N = 48

LSIL/HSIL Pap smear

N = 49

P valuea

 

Data are N (%) except where otherwise specified

 

Median age in years

(range)

31 (20 – 61)

32 (20 – 57)

30 (20 – 61)

0.43

Employed

21 (19.3)

12 (25)

7 (14.3)

0.18

Ever smoked

21 (19.3)

5 (10.4)

16 (32.7)

0.03

Married or in stable relationship

52 (47.7)

22 (45.8)

23 (46.9)

1.00

Median years of school attendance (range)

10 (0 – 13)

10 (0 – 13)

9 (0 – 13)

0.42

Ever pregnant

89 (81.7)

40 (83.3)

39 (79.6)

0.64

Ever used injectable contraception

97 (89.0)

43 (89.6)

42 (85.7)

0.56

Ever used oral contraception

29 (26.6)

11 (22.9)

13 (26.5)

0.68

Ever used condoms

55 (50.5)

21 (43.8)

29 (59.2)

0.13

Median age of first intercourse (range)

17 (4 – 25)

17 (13 – 21)

16 (4 – 25)

0.12

Median number of sexual partners (range)

4 (1 – 13)

4 (1 – 10)

4 (1 – 13)

0.15

Ever had an STI

92 (84.4)

41 (85.4)

42 (85.7)

0.97

Past Pap smear

46 (42.2)

23 (47.9)

16 (32.7)

0.10

Median CD4 count

(range)

125 (14 – 1047)

125.5 (14 – 1047)

123 (32 – 313)

0.95

HR-HPV present

(Digene)

86 (78.9)

28 (58.3)

47 (95.9)

< 0.001

HR-HPV present

(Roche)

97 (89.0)

37 (77.1)

49 (100)

< 0.001

Median HPV viral load in RLU (range)

All samples

64.3 (0.12 – 2248.95)

3.19 (0.12–1373.77)

365.49 (0.21–2248.95)

< 0.001

Median HPV viral load in RLU (range)

Only HC2 positives

181.06 (1.19–2248.95)

60.3 (1.19–1373.77)

444.07 (11.98–2248.95)

0.001

Prevalence of multiple HPV types

Only HC2 positives

76 (78.4)

23 (62.2)

45 (91.8)

0.001

  1. a P values are from Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests for medians and chi-squared tests for proportions or Fisher's exact tests where numbers in the cells were < 5.
  2. ASCUS, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; LSIL, low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions; HSIL, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; HPV, human papillomavirus; STI, sexually transmitted infection; HR-HPV, high-risk human papillomavirus; RLU, relative light units; HC2, Hybrid Capture 2