Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics and use of vitamin/mineral supplements prior to diagnosis, by race, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2006-2013 (n = 2,596 a )
|  | All (n = 2,596) % | Non-Hispanic White (n = 1,857) % | African American (n = 155) % | Asian (n = 309) % | Hispanic (n = 275) % | P-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||||
 Age |  |  |  |  |  | <.0001 |
  <50 | 18.5 | 13.0 | 19.4 | 39.5 | 31.3 |  |
  50-59 | 26.7 | 24.8 | 35.5 | 30.4 | 29.8 |  |
  60-69 | 31.9 | 35.2 | 27.7 | 22.7 | 22.9 |  |
  70+ | 23.0 | 27.0 | 17.4 | 7.4 | 16.0 |  |
 Education |  |  |  |  |  | <.0001 |
  High school or less | 13.6 | 11.8 | 19.4 | 8.1 | 28.4 |  |
  Some college | 33.4 | 35.1 | 42.6 | 14.9 | 37.8 |  |
  College graduate | 28.4 | 26.7 | 22.6 | 49.5 | 19.6 |  |
  Post graduate | 24.5 | 26.3 | 15.5 | 27.5 | 14.2 |  |
Clinical characteristics | ||||||
 Stage at diagnosis |  |  |  |  |  | 0.13 |
  I | 56.2 | 57.3 | 50.3 | 54.7 | 54.2 |  |
  II | 33.0 | 32.2 | 37.4 | 35.0 | 34.2 |  |
  III | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.3 |  |
  IV | 1.1 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 0.32 | 0.36 |  |
 Hormone-receptor positivity |  |  |  |  |  | <.0001 |
  ER-/PR- | 15.7 | 13.9 | 29.0 | 17.2 | 18.2 |  |
  ER-/PR+ | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.73 |  |
  ER+/PR- | 20.0 | 21.1 | 22.6 | 15.5 | 16.0 |  |
  ER+/PR+ | 64.1 | 64.8 | 47.7 | 67.3 | 65.1 |  |
  Unknown | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.65 | 0.0 | 0.0 |  |
Use of vitamin/mineral supplements prior to diagnosis | ||||||
  Any vitamin/mineral | 83.6 | 85.9 | 82.6 | 78.3 | 73.8 | <.0001 |
  Multivitamins | 70.0 | 73.0 | 66.5 | 64.7 | 58.2 | <.0001 |
  Vitamin C | 32.3 | 34.7 | 27.7 | 26.5 | 24.7 | 0.0003 |
  Calcium, tums, or antacids with calcium | 23.6 | 25.1 | 20.6 | 21.4 | 17.8 | 0.03 |
  Vitamin E | 21.9 | 23.4 | 22.6 | 17.2 | 16.7 | 0.01 |
  Vitamin D | 15.4 | 16.0 | 20.0 | 10.4 | 14.5 | 0.02 |
  Iron | 12.2 | 11.5 | 24.5 | 10.4 | 12.4 | <.0001 |
  Vitamin B12 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 16.1 | 6.5 | 11.3 | 0.007 |
  Folic acid (folate) | 8.4 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 0.36 |
  Magnesium | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 1.6 | 5.5 | 0.03 |
  Zinc | 4.7 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 0.24 |
  Vitamin A | 3.2 | 3.1 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 4.7 | 0.13 |
  Chromium | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 0.49 |
  Niacin (B3) | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.58 |
  Beta carotene | 1.7 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.19 |
  Selenium | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.16 |
  Thiamin (B1) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.64 |
Use of vitamin/mineral supplements after diagnosis | ||||||
  Any vitamin/mineral | 82.0 | 84.7 | 79.4 | 77.3 | 71.3 | <.0001 |
  Multivitamins | 60.8 | 63.6 | 51.6 | 57.6 | 50.5 | <.0001 |
  Vitamin C | 24.7 | 26.5 | 18.1 | 22.3 | 18.9 | 0.003 |
  Calcium, tums, or antacids with calcium | 51.8 | 56.2 | 38.7 | 44.0 | 38.5 | <.0001 |
  Vitamin E | 11.6 | 12.8 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 10.5 | 0.02 |
  Vitamin D | 43.1 | 45.4 | 40 | 36.2 | 37.5 | 0.003 |
  Iron | 7.5 | 6.9 | 14.8 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 0.009 |
  Vitamin B12 | 13.8 | 14.6 | 16.1 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 0.11 |
  Folic acid (folate) | 9.1 | 10.1 | 7.1 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 0.04 |
  Magnesium | 13.8 | 15.6 | 7.1 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 0.0004 |
  Zinc | 7.6 | 8.6 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 3.6 | 0.01 |
  Vitamin A | 3.1 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 0.75 |
  Chromium | 3.0 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 0.66 |
  Niacin (B3) | 7.4 | 8.3 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 0.03 |
  Beta carotene | 1.7 | 1.9 | 0.65 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.67 |
  Selenium | 3.1 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 0.27 |
  Thiamin (B1) | 6.5 | 7.1 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 0.31 |