Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a significant risk factor for bladder cancer in diabetic patients: a population-based cohort study using the National Health Insurance in Taiwan

Table 3 Comparison of the frequency of visits to urologists and laboratory examinations potentially leading to diagnosis of bladder cancer in patients with and without benign prostatic hyperplasia

Variables	Benign prostatic hyperplasia				P value
	No		Yes
	n	%	n	%
All ages
Visits to urologists
No	427531	91.85	59460	72.42	<0.0001
Yes	37954	8.15	22639	27.58
Laboratory examinations*
No	119766	25.73	10354	12.61	<0.0001
Yes	345719	74.27	71745	87.39
Any of the above
No	116896	25.11	9309	11.34	<0.0001
Yes	348589	74.89	72790	88.66
Age ≥60 years
Visits to urologists
No	185836	90.94	50441	72.80	<0.0001
Yes	18522	9.06	18849	27.20
Laboratory examinations*
No	47633	23.31	8460	12.21	<0.0001
Yes	156725	76.69	60830	87.79
Any of the above
No	46463	22.74	7663	11.06	<0.0001
Yes	157895	77.26	61627	88.94

*Laboratory examinations include serum tumor markers, urine cytology, cystoscopy, urinalysis and bladder ultrasonography.

ISSN: 1471-2407