Variables | Cases | Controls | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 357 | % | N = 1,428 | % | ||
Age at DM | 0.483 | ||||
30-60 | 69 | 15.90 | 300 | 17.28 | |
≥60 | 288 | 66.36 | 1,128 | 64.98 | |
Sex | 1.000 | ||||
Male | 215 | 49.54 | 568 | 32.72 | |
Female | 142 | 32.72 | 860 | 49.54 | |
Peptic ulcer history | 172 | 39.63 | 334 | 19.24 | <0.001 |
Ulcer bleeding history | 61 | 14.06 | 156 | 8.99 | <0.001 |
HP eradication rate | 33 | 7.60 | 139 | 8.01 | 0.779 |
Comorbidities | |||||
CAD | 120 | 27.65 | 603 | 34.74 | 0.003 |
CVD | 84 | 19.35 | 466 | 26.84 | <0.001 |
CLD | 78 | 17.97 | 337 | 19.41 | 0.484 |
COPD | 98 | 22.58 | 465 | 26.79 | 0.063 |
CKD | 77 | 17.74 | 431 | 24.83 | 0.001 |
GERD or EE | 21 | 4.84 | 91 | 5.24 | 0.733 |
Medications | |||||
Pioglitazone | 25 | 5.76 | 154 | 8.87 | 0.033 |
Rosiglitazone | 34 | 7.83 | 211 | 12.15 | 0.010 |
Metformin | 236 | 54.38 | 990 | 57.03 | 0.241 |
Sulfonylurea | 256 | 58.99 | 1,022 | 58.87 | 0.958 |
Glucosidase inhibitors | 36 | 8.29 | 293 | 16.88 | <0.001 |
Meglitinides (Glinides) | 35 | 8.06 | 241 | 13.88 | <0.001 |
DPP-4 inhibitors | 1 | 0.23 | 85 | 4.90 | <0.001 |
Insulin | 37 | 8.53 | 265 | 15.26 | <0.001 |
Statins | 86 | 19.82 | 531 | 30.59 | <0.001 |
ARBs | 88 | 20.28 | 534 | 30.76 | <0.001 |
ACE inhibitors | 126 | 29.03 | 560 | 32.26 | 0.173 |
Aspirin | 118 | 27.19 | 610 | 35.14 | <0.001 |
COX-2 inhibitors | 27 | 6.22 | 189 | 10.89 | 0.003 |
NSAIDs | 74 | 17.05 | 432 | 24.88 | <0.001 |