Author, yr 6MWT | OM procedure referenced | Â | Encouragement standardised | Â | Number of repeat Ax in testing session | Â | Â |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jones 2012 [40] | Yes [50] | Â | NR | Â | NR | Â | Â |
Pancieri 2010 [22] | No |  | ‘encouraged walking’ |  | NR |  |  |
Kasymjanova 2009 [25] | Â | NR | Â | 1 x practice 1 x actual (on different days) | Â | Â | |
Yes [20] | Â | NR | Â | NR | Â | Â | |
Saad 2007 [24] | Yes [50] | Â | NR | Â | NR | Â | Â |
Parsons 2003 [39] | Â | Yes | Â | 1 x practice, 1 x actual | Â | Â | |
Pierce 1994 [23] | Yes [73] | Â | NR | Â | 3 (best value used) | Â | Â |
Holden 1992 [41] | No | Â | NR | Â | 2 (15-30Â min interval) | Â | Â |
ISWT | OM procedure referenced | Â | Encouragement standardised | Â | No of repeat Ax in testing session | Â | Additional description |
England 2012 [44] | Yes [59] | Â | NR | Â | 1 x practice, 1 x actual | Â | Participants wore COSMED K4 b2 system (COSMED, Italy) to measure HR, VE and VO2 throughout test |
Yes [59] | Â | NR | Â | 1 | Â | HR and SpO2 monitored and recorded at 30Â second intervals throughout test | |
SCT | Equipment | Monitoring during test | Intensity | Outcome | Number of repeat Ax in testing session | Experience of assessors | Additional description |
Brunelli 2012, 2010, 2008a, 2008b, 2007, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002 [20–21, 31, 32–35, 42–43,] | 16 flights x 11 steps (0.155 m height) | Continuous verbal interaction to Ax SOB/ symptoms; HR; SpO2 | Pace of pt choice, asked to climb max no steps and stop for exhaustion, limiting SOB, leg fatigue or chest pain | No steps and time taken, minimum value SpO2, exercise oxygen desaturation (= fall SpO2 < 90% or fall >4%) | 1 | Physician | Calculations from test: |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | • Work = (step height in meters x steps per min x body weight in kg x 0.1635)[74] |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | • VO2max (ml/min) = 5.8 x weight in kg + 151 + 10.1 x work) [74] |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | • VO2max corrected for body surface area (ml/min2) = VO2max / max HR |
Pancieri 2010 [22] | 6 flights x 12 steps (16.9 cm height), 30° incline | HR, SpO2 | Climb all steps in the shortest possible time with verbal encouragement between flights. Testing stopped for fatigue, limiting SOB, thoracic pain or exhaustion | Time taken | 1 |  |  |
Koegelenberg 2008 [29] | 12 flights x 10 steps (3.48 m b/t floors) | HR, SpO2 | Pt asked to climb ‘as fast and as high’ as they possibly could to a max elevation of 20 m | Altitude, time taken, speed of ascent | NR | NR | Stair climb considered completed if pt rested or more than 3 seconds or reached 20 m height Allowed to use rail only for balance |
Nikolic 2008 [36] | 92 steps (0.15Â m height) | HR, SpO2 (measured every 20 steps) | Pace of pt choice, asked to climb max no steps and stop for exhaustion, limiting SOB, leg fatigue or chest pain | No steps, time taken | 1 | Physician | Pt instructed not to use hand-rail |
Toker 2007 [37] | 20 steps per flight (15Â cm height) | HR, SpO2 | Pt motivated to do their best and motivation | SpO2 (pre, post, change), HR (pre, post, change), time taken | 2 | Resident doctor | Â |
Pate 1996 [38] | 21 steps per flight (17.5Â cm height) | HR, SpO2 | Moderate pace of pts choice, encouraged to exercise to a symptom-limited max and complete the flight of stairs they were on if possible | No steps, time taken, altitude (m), reason for stopping | 1 | NR | Test considered completed as soon as patient stopped for any reason Pt instructed not to use hand-rail |
Holden 1992 [41] | 11 steps per flight (0.17Â m height) | SpO2 | Own pace | Altitude, time taken | 1 | Therapist | Calculations from test: |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | • Work = step height x steps per min x weight in kg x 0.1635 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | • VO2 ml/min = 5.8 x weight in kg + 151 + (10.1 x work) |
Physical activity | Equipment | Â | Location of monitoring | Outcome | Duration of Ax | Position of sensor | Â |
Maddocks 2012 [47] | Uni-axial accelerometer ActivPALTM monitor (PAL Technologies Ltd., UK) | Home environment | Mean daily step count, number of sit-to-stand transitions, time in hrs spent sitting/lying, upright standing and upright stepping | 7Â days (6 full days of data) | Mid-third of anterior thigh of pts chosen leg | Â | Â |
Actigraph Piezoelectric Accelerometer (Ambulatory Monitoring Inc., AMI, USA) | Group 1 (inpt) and group 2 (home environment) | Mean duration daytime activity (no of vertical/horizontal accelerations per min) | 3-7Â days | Non-dominant wrist | Â | Â | |
Novoa 2011 [51] | OMROM Walking Style Pro® pedometer | Home environment | Mean daily no total and aerobic steps; mean daily distance walked (km); mean daily time of aerobic activity (min) | Daytime only, daily Ax while waiting for surgery | Pedometer attached to waist band or belt |  |  |
Maddocks 2010 [46] | Uni-axial accelerometer ActivPALTM monitor (PAL Technologies Ltd., UK) | Home environment | Mean daily step count and estimate energy expenditure (METh); acceptability (non-compliance in hours); optimal duration of monitoring | 7Â days (6 full days of data) | Mid-third of anterior thigh of dominant leg | Â | Â |
Physical activity | Equipment | Â | Location of monitoring | Outcome | Duration of Ax | Position of sensor | Â |
Maddocks 2012 [47] | Uni-axial accelerometer ActivPALTM monitor (PAL Technologies Ltd., UK) | Home environment | Mean daily step count, number of sit-to-stand transitions, time in hrs spent sitting/lying, upright standing and upright stepping | 7Â days (6 full days of data) | Mid-third of anterior thigh of pts chosen leg | Â | Â |
Actigraph Piezoelectric Accelerometer (Ambulatory Monitoring Inc., AMI, USA) | Group 1 (inpt) and group 2 (home environment) | Mean duration daytime activity (no of vertical/horizontal accelerations per min) | 3-7Â days | Non-dominant wrist | Â | Â | |
Novoa 2011 [51] | OMROM Walking Style Pro® pedometer | Home environment | Mean daily no total and aerobic steps; mean daily distance walked (km); mean daily time of aerobic activity (min) | Daytime only, daily Ax while waiting for surgery | Pedometer attached to waist band or belt |  |  |
Maddocks 2010 [46] | Uni-axial accelerometer ActivPALTM monitor (PAL Technologies Ltd., UK) | Home environment | Mean daily step count and estimate energy expenditure (METh); acceptability (non-compliance in hours); optimal duration of monitoring | 7Â days (6 full days of data) | Mid-third of anterior thigh of dominant leg | Â | Â |
Muscle strength | Equipment | Muscle group movement | Participant position | No of assessors | Number of repeat Ax in testing session | Experience of assessors | Additional description |
Trutschnigg 2008 [28] | Jamar HGD (Sammons Preston, Bolingbrook), position 3 on handle | Grip | Sitting, feet on ground shoulder width apart, Elb 90 ° F, wrist 0°, arm on arm rest [75] | NR | 1-2 x practice 2 x 3reps actual (mean value used) | NR | Dominant hand Patient instructed when to start and stop contraction with a 3 second contraction time No encouragement |
Brown 2005 [53] | Square design chair with firm seat 43Â cm height and arm rests | Sit to stand | Seated | NR | NR | NR | Pt asked to rise from seated position to fully upright position as fast as they could, if possible without using arm rests |
Knols 2002 [52] | Mecmesin FB50K pull-gauge HHD, Mecmesin, England | Elb E, Knee E | 1. Supine, Elb 90 °F, upper edge pull- attachment perpendicular to ulnar side of forearm distal to caput ulnae, non-elastic belt over ASIS stabilised pt on table | 2 (random order) 30 min interval | 6 x practice 3 x actual (60 second interval) | Physiotherapist | Dominant UL and LL Ax – identified by asking participant to throw a ball and kick a ball (preferred stance leg chosen) Figures also provided for both testing positions ‘Make’ test used Pt asked to increase force over 2 seconds and maintain for another 5 seconds |
 |  |  | 2. sitting edge of table upright no back support, knee 90 °F, stabilise trunk by grasping table, lower edge pull-attachment perpendicular to ant surface tibia, distal to end med mall |  |  |  |  |