miR-105-3p acts an oncogene to promote proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cell by targeting GOLIM4miR-105-3p acts an oncogene to promote proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cell by targeting GOLIM4

Background: Dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in carcinogenesis of breast and may be used as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets during cancer process. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of miR-105-3p on tumourigenicity of breast cancer and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied to detect the expression of miR-105-3p in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. The impacts of miR-105-3p on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and ZR-75-30) were evaluated by CCK-8, transwell chamber assay, TUNEL assay and western blot assay, respectively. Besides, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay were used to nd out the target genes of miR-105-3p. Results: The expression of miR-105-3p was elevated in breast cancer tissues and increased along with tumor severity. Downregulation of miR-105-3p could inhibit cell proliferation, suppress cell migration/invasion, and promote cell apoptosis in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells. Furthermore, Golgi integral membrane protein 4 (GOLIM4) was identied to be the direct target gene of miR-105-3p by bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay. In addition, silencing of GOLIM4 could restore the anti-breast cancer effects induced by miR-105-3p downregulation. Conclusions: MiR-105-3p acts an oncogene to promote proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cell by targeting GOLIM4, which provides a new target for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.


Background
Breast cancer, the most common female malignant tumor around the world, has the second highest mortality rate among all female malignancies, the incidence of which is increasing at a rate of 3% per year in China [1][2][3]. The great advances have been achieved in the early diagnosis and molecular-targeted therapy of breast cancer thanks to the development of modern molecular diagnostic technology [4]. The high postoperative recurrence and low postoperative survival rate of patients with advanced breast cancer still remains to be resolved. Therefore, further researches should focus on the molecular mechanism in the occurrence and development of breast cancer, so as to nd new therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
As a kind of important single-stranded non-coding RNAs which are familiarly 18-25 nucleotides in length, miRNAs have gained much attention for their associations with the growth and invasion of tumors, including breast cancer, stomach cancer and so on [5,6]. miRNAs mainly regulate genes expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNAs during the post-transcriptional stage [7]. It should be noticed that more than half of miRNAs serve as oncogenic or tumor suppressor depending on their targeted mRNAs, and involve in a great deal of biological processes in cancer, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune responses [8].
Given that different expression levels of miRNAs have been identi ed in all stages of breast cancer, Page 3/15 miRNAs have become early diagnosis biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer [9].
Bahena et al found that overexpression of miR-10b in breast cancer cells could inhibit PTEN expression, promote epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), and upregulate stem cell markers expression, thereby promote breast cancer invasion and metastasis [10]. Damiano and his colleagues identi ed that the down-regulation of miR-200 in breast cancer could account for EMT and stem-like features of breast cancer by targeting ZEB1 [11]. All these studies reveal the important roles of miRNAs in breast cancer.
MiR-105-3p is a species of highly conserved miRNA molecules among humans, cattle, horses and many other species, which heralds its multiple potential biological effects. Recent studies revealed that miR-105-3p was closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, including ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma [12,13]. Meanwhile, miR-105-3p could act as an oncogene that affects multiple biological behaviors of tumor growth by regulating the expression of different proteins. However, little information about the expression pattern and biological function of miR-105-3p in breast cancer was known so far. In this study, we systematically assess the expression pattern of miR-105-3p in breast cancer tissues and various breast cancer cell lines. We found that the expression level of miR-105-3p was obviously elevated in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines. The in vitro experiments showed that downregulation of miR-105-3p repressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells, indicating that it was an oncogene in breast cancer. In addition, our study con rmed that miR-105-3p could directly bind to the 3'UTR of GOLIM4 and downregulated the expression of GOLIM4 in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells. All of these results indicated miR-105-3p played a tumor promoter role in breast cancer.

Cell culture and transfection
Human breast cancer cell lines in this study, including MCF-7 and ZR-75-30, were purchased from China Infrastructure of Cell Line Resource and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 mg/ml penicillin and streptomycin at 37°C in 5% CO 2 . Hsa-miR-105-3p inhibitor and its corresponding negative control (NC inhibitor) were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai Co., Ltd) and transfected into these MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cell lines by Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scienti c, Inc.; USA) according to the manufacturer's instruction. The successfully transfected cell lines were further studied in the following experiments. To silence the expression of GOLIM4 in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cell lines, shRNA targeted for GOLIM4, was synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, Co., Ltd), and transfected into these MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cell lines by Lipofectamine 2000.

RT-qPCR assay
Cancer tissues and paired adjacent tissues of 80 patients with breast cancer were collected from our hospital. MagMAX™ RNA isolation kit and VetMAX™-Plus One-Step RT-PCR Kit (USA; Thermo Fisher Scientifc, Inc.) were applied to isolate total RNA and miRNAs according to the instruments. After the total RNA was extracted from tumor tissues, TaqMan microRNA assay (Applied Biosystems; Thermo Fisher Scienti c, Inc.) was carried out to measure the expression of miR-105-3p. The reagent components in the reaction system were showed as follows: 20×TaqMan miRNA assay (1µL), 2× TaqMan Universal PCR Master mix (10 µL; USA; Thermo Fisher Scienti c, Inc.), cDNA (1.33 µL), forward primer (1 µL;) and reverse primer (1 µL) and double distilled water (5.67 µL). The RT-qPCR was performed in the ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR System and the results of the threshold cycle (Ct) were calculated by 2 −ΔΔCt method after being normalized by the endogenous controls U6 snRNA (Forward primer: 5'-ATTGGAACGATACAGAGAAGATT-3'; Reverse primer:5'-GGAACGCTTCACGAATTTG-3'). The expression level of GOLIM4 was detected with the methods as described above in breast cancer tissue and cell lines. miR-105-3p: Forward primer: Colony formation assay ZR-75-30 and MCF-7 cells were cultured into logarithmic growth phase, and then the cells were collected and suspended into a cell suspension. The concentration of suspended cells was adjust to 1×10 4 cell/mL, and a total of 5×10 4 cells were inoculated into 10 cm dish. The cells were incubated for 2 weeks and then methanol was added to x the formed cells colonies. Subsequently, the cells were with crystal violet dye. The number of colonies containing more than 50 cells was counted.

CCK-8 assay
Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo, Inc.; Japan) was used to detected the proliferation capacity of the transfected ZR-75-30 and MCF-7 cells according to the instruments. Brie y, a total of 5×10 3 cells was seeded into the 96-well plates with 10 µL CCK-8 solution. The cells were incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h, and then the absorbance was measured at 490 nm with a microplate reader.

Scratch test
The ZR-75-30 and MCF-7 cells were transfected with miR-105-3p inhibitor and cultured into the logarithmic growth phase. The bottom of 6-well plate was rowed with ve straight lines with 0.5 cm intervals. After the cells were suspended and adjusted into 1 × 10 5 cells/mL, 2 mL cell suspension was added into the well and cultured for 24 h. Subsequently, the scratch that was perpendicular to the base lines above was made by 10-μl pipetting spear. The cells were cultured for 48 h with serum-free medium, and wound closure (%) was nally calculated.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay TUNEL assay was performed to detect the apoptosis of transfected cells using One Step TUNEL Apoptosis Assay Kit (Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd; China) following the manufacturer's instructions.
Brie y, a total of 5×10 3 cells was seeded into the 96-well plates for 48 h culture. Then, the cells were xed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min at room temperature. Subsequent to washing by PBS twice, 0.1% TritonX-100 was added to permeabilize the cell membrane. The cells were successively treated with TUNEL reaction mixture, converter-POD and DAPI substrate. The cell images were then obtained under the uorescence microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).

Transwell chamber assay
Transwell chamber assay was applied to detect the invasion ability of ZR-75-30 and MCF-7 cells after transfected with NC or miR-105-3p inhibitor. The upper and lower chamber were added with FBS-free culture medium and culture medium containing 10% FBS, respectively. The transfected cells were cultured in FBS-free culture medium for 12 h, and then a density of 2×10 4 cells was seeded into the upper chamber with 10 mg/mL matrigel. After cultured for 48 h, the top of the lter was carefully wiped with cotton swabs to remove the remained cells. Those cells that migrated through the membrane were xed with 95% methanol, stained with 0.5% crystal violet and nally counted with microscope (magni cation, ×200; Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).

Western blot assay
After the transfected cells were cultured for 72 h, the cells were washed with PBS for three times and then centrifuged to obtain cell pellet. ProteoPrep® Total Extraction Sample Kit was used to extracted total protein according to the instruments followed by the detection of protein concentration using a BCA assay kit (USA; Thermo Fisher Scientifc, Inc.). Equal quality of protein was separated on 12 % SDS-PAGE and subsequently transferred to polyvinylidene di uoride (PVDF) membranes (Thermo Fisher Scientifc, Inc.; USA). After blocked with 5% milk in PBST for 1 h at room temperature, the membrane was incubated with proper dilution of primary antibodies for 1 h at 37℃ including anti-BAX, anti-Bcl-2, anti-Cleaved caspase-3, anti-Cleaved caspase-9, anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1. β-actin was chosen as an internal control in the assay. Subsequent to washing with TBST for three times, HRP labeled secondary antibodies corresponding to primary antibodies were used to probe the expression of target protein in the membrane. The protein bands were visualized using Novex™ ECL Chemiluminescent Substrate Reagent Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientifc, Inc. USA). Densitometry quanti cation of protein bands was conducted using Image J pro plus software and then normalized with β-actin.

Luciferase reporter assay
In order to study the relationship between miR-105-3p and GOLIM4, the ZR-75-30 and MCF-7 cells were co-transfected with miR-NC or miR-105-3p and the psiCHECK2 vector containing the wild type or mutant GOLIM4 fragment (psiCHECK2-GOLIM4-3' UTR WT or psiCHECK2-GOLIM4-3' UTR MUT) with lipofectamine2000 (Thermo Fisher Scienti c, Inc.; USA). After cultured for 48 h and three times washes, the cells were lysed with harvest buffer for 10 min at 0℃. The mixture of ATP buffer and luciferin buffer (1:3.6) was added into the cell lysate followed by the detection of the absorbance.

Statistical analysis
The measurement data that conforms to the normal distribution was showed as mean ± standard deviation. The difference between two groups was analyzed by Student's t test. One-Way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences among group followed by Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. The 80 patients were divided into the high and low miR-105-3p expression group according to the median miRNA expression, and then life table methods were used to analyze the difference of survival data between the two groups, after which the differences in survival time were tested by the Mantel-Cox log-rank method. All the data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 20 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A P value < 0.05 was considered to indicate a signi cant effect.

Results
The expression levels of miR-105-3p in breast cancer tissues and cell lines.
The expression of miR-105-3p in breast cancer and para-cancerous tissues of 80 breast cancer patients with different stages were detected with RT-qPCR. Compared with that of para-cancerous tissues, elevated expression level of miR-105-3p was observed in tumor tissues ( Figure 1A). Of note: the expression levels of miR-105-3p were higher in the tumor tissues within stage and than those in tumor tissues at stage and ( Figure 1B). Besides that, the survival curve analysis indicated that the survival time of patients with high expression level of miR-105-3p was shorter than that with low expression level ( Figure 1C, P 0.05). In order to choose suitable breast cancer cell lines to evaluate the biological function of miR-105-3p, the expression levels of miR-105-3p in several breast cancer cells, including MCF10A, MDA-MB-231, SKBr-3, MCF-7 and ZR-75-30, were also evaluated by RT-qPCR. We found that the expression levels of miR-105-3p in the MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 were the relatively highest among the ve cell lines ( Figure 1D). Thus, we chose these two cell lines as model for further research. To identify the role of miR-105-3p in the regulation of breast cancer progression, we rstly transfected hsa-miR-105-3p inhibitor and its corresponding negative control (NC inhibitor) into the indicated cells. Cellular immuno uorescence showed that the transfected cells contained green uorescence ( Figure 1E). Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis identi ed the expression level of miR-105-3p was successfully downregulated by miR-105-3p inhibitor, which suggested that the miR-105-3p inhibitor could be used in the following experiments ( Figure 1F).

Downregulation of miR-105-3p inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells
In order to evaluate the effect of miR-105-3p on the MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells, the two cell lines were transfected with miR-105-3p inhibitor or NC inhibitor. We found that downregulation of miR-105-3p could suppress the cell proliferation according to the results of CCK-8 and colony formation assays (Figure 2A  and 2B). In addition, TUNEL assay was explored to measure cell apoptosis. And the results showed that the numbers of apoptotic cells in the MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells transfected with miR-105-3p inhibitor was increased compared to those transfected with NC inhibitor ( Figure 2C). Furthermore, the results of western blot revealed that miR-105-3p inhibitor increased the expression levels of Bax, cleaved-Caspase-3 and cleaved-Caspase-9, while decreased the expression levels of Bcl2 in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells ( Figure   2D). These data suggested that knockdown of miR-105-3p inhibited breast cancer cells proliferation and triggered the cells apoptosis.

Downregulation of miR-105-3p suppresses the migration and invasion of MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells
To investigate the effects of miR-105-3p on the migration and invasion of MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells, the scratch test and transwell chamber assay were applied in vitro. The result of scratch test showed that downregulation of miR-105-3p could inhibit healing area after 24 h scratch injury in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells ( Figure 3A). Meanwhile, transwell chamber assay revealed that miR-105-3p inhibitor decreased the numbers of the migrated cells compared NC inhibitor ( Figure 3B). Given the important function of ICAM-1 and VCAM1-1 in the regulation of cell migration and invasion, we detected the expression levels of these two proteins in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells knockdown of miR-105-3p. As shown in Figure 3C, downregulation of miR-105-3p could suppress the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. All these data indicated that miR-105-3p was a pivotal regulator involved in the breast cancer cells migration and invasion.
MiR-105-3p modulates GOLIM4 expression by directly targeted its 3'UTR As predicated by TargetScan and miRanda, GOLIM4 was identi ed as the potential target gene of miR-105-3p ( Figure 4A). In order to identify the directly inhibition effects of miR-105-3p on the expression of GOLIM4, luciferase reporter assay was carried out and we found that overexpression of miR-105-3p obviously increased the luciferase activities of GOLIM4-3' UTR WT, while exhibited modest effects on GOLIM4-3' UTR MUT ( Figure 4B). Consistently, knockdown of miR-105-3p in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells increased the expression level of GOLIM4 at both transcriptional and translational levels ( Figure 4C, D). In addition, the expression levels of GOLIM4 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines were signi cantly declined ( Figure 4E). Correlation regression analysis showed a negative correlation existed between the expression levels of miR-105-3p and GOLIM4 in breast cancer tissues (R=-0.39, P=0.13, Figure 4F).
To con rm that miR-105-3p could act as an oncogene to promote proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cell via silencing GOLIM4, the expression of GOLIM4 in the MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells transfected with miR-105-3p inhibitor was silenced with sh-GOLIM4. As shown in Figure 5A, the expression of GOLIM4 in the MCF-7 was successfully downregulated by transfection with sh-GOLIM4. Functionally, the miR-105-3p inhibitor-induced inhibition effects of cell proliferation and migration were partially impaired when silencing the expression of GOLIM4 in these two cell lines ( Figure 5B and C). Besides that, the silencing of GOLIM4 could inhibit the apoptosis induced by miR-105-3p inhibitor. As the results of TUNEL assay and western blot assay showed that the sh-GOLIM4 decreased positive-TUNEL cells and decreased apoptotic proteins, including Bax, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleave-caspase-9 in the MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells transfected with miR-105-3p inhibitor compared the cell co-transfected with sh-NC ( Figure 5D and E). In addition, silencing of GOLIM could increase cell migration and invasion of the MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells transfected with miR-105-3p inhibitors ( Figure 5F and G). These data collectively indicated that miR-105-3p could promote proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cell via silencing GOLIM4.

Discussion
Breast cancer incidence rises sharply nowadays and has become the second most dangerous cancer among women although the great advantages have been made in diagnosis and treatments [14]. Up to date, miRNAs have been proved as master regulators of the tumor progression highlighted in various malignancies including breast cancer [15,16]. In this study, it was validated that the elevated expression of miR-105-3p could be found in breast cancer tissues and increased with tumor severity advancing. Downregulation of miR-105-3p could inhibit cell proliferation, suppress cell migration and invasion and promote cell apoptosis in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells. All of these indicated miR-105-3p act as an oncogene in breast cancer. Furthermore, this research provided evidence for GOLIM4 as a downstream gene for miR-105-3p since silencing GOLIM4 could restore the abilities of cell proliferation and migration and inhibit the apoptosis induced by the downregulation of miR-105-3p in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells.
The discovery of miRNAs provides new visions to investigate the pathogenesis of tumors, as well as new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Various studies have showed the tumor-speci c miRNAs contribute to the precision medicine in malignancies by serving as a potential therapeutic targets and early diagnosis indicator [9]. In the research led of breast cancer, several miRNAs are identi ed and found extensively involved in the occurrence and development of various cancer via modulating the expression of key proteins at the post-transcription level [9]. For example, miR-10b, miR-200 and miR-21 have been demonstrated to be the important miRNAs, which could be upregulated in breast cancer. They also serve as oncogenes by targeting PTEN, TGF-β and some other tumor related proteins [16]. Our study revealed that the expression of miR-105-3p was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and the level was elevated according to development of tumor. These indicated that miR-105-3p may act as the potentially prognostic factor for breast cancer.
MiR-105-3p is a well-studied miRNA that plays an independent prognostic role and acts as an oncogene in esophageal cancer [17], triple negative breast cancer [18], colorectal cancer [19]. For instance, Gao, R.and colleague reported miR-105 was signi cantly upregulated in esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines, overexpression of miR-105 was signi cantly associated with positive lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and poor overall survival. In addition, overexpression of miR-105 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in esophageal cancer cells [17]. Similarity, Li, H. Y. and colleagues found that miR-105 was upregulated and correlated with poor survival in TNBC patients. And miR-105 was found to activate Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by downregulation of SFPR1. Besides that, high circulating miR-105 (81%) and miR-93-3p (97%) levels were signi cantly associated with TNBC subtype, and high expression of circulating miR-105/93-3p (97%) also showed a high correlation with TNBC subtype [18]. In this study, the proliferation, invasion and migration capabilities of breast cancer cells were signi cantly inhibited when knockdown miR-105-3p in MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells. these were similar to the previous researches in other kinds of tumors. We further detected the cell apoptosis in the breast cancer cell lines. As expected, knockdown miR-105-3p in breast cancer cells promoted the apoptosis of MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells. Taken together, the expression level of miR-105-3p was correlated with the growth and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells, indicating its essential role in governing breast cancer cell progression.
For the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation effect of miR-105-3p on breast cancer, it is of great important to dissect its target gene. Thus, the two publicly available miRNA databases, named TargetScan and miRanda, were used and the results showed that GOLIM4 was the potential target gene of miR-105-3p. GOLIM4, also named GPP130, is a membrane binding protein in Golgi apparatus and plays a vital role in transporting proteins between Golgi apparatus and endosomes [20]. Given the fact that dysfunction of Golgi and endosomes concentrated to the progress of various tumors, GOLIM4 was considered to be a tumor suppressor gene, which was identi ed in the carcinogenesis of human head and neck cancer [21,22]. The increased expression of GOLIM4 could inhibit the proliferation of neck cancer, promote cell apoptosis and induce G1 phase arrest in human head and neck cancer cell lines, such as FaDu and Tca-8113 cell lines [21]. Luciferase reporter assay in this study provided evidence for GOLIM4 as a potential target of miR-105-3p. The results revealed that miR-105-3p overexpression suppressed the luciferase activities of WT 3'UTR of GOLIM4; however, no inhibition effect on the MUT 3'UTR of GOLIM4 was detected, which indicates that miR-105-3p could directly bind to the 3'UTR of GOLIM4. Most importantly, silencing of GOLIM4 reversed the inhibition effect on the biological characteristics of breast cancer cell induced by miR-105-3p knockdown in these cancer cells. Since GOLIM4 been identi ed as a tumor suppressor gene in other kinds of cancers, it was validated that the elevated expression of miR-105-3p could suppress the expression of GOLIM4 by binding to its 3' UTR region in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. These data provided the additional evidences for the idea that miR-105-3p acted an oncogene to promote proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cell by targeting GOLIM4. However, the result of correlation regression analysis showed that the negative correlation (R=-0.39) between the expression levels of miR-105-3p and GOLIM4 in breast cancer tissues was no signi cant (P=0.13). This results indicated that other proteins may be involved in the function of miR-105-3p, since the molecular mechanisms in tumor cells are complicated. .
In summary, miR-105-3p was upregulated in breast cancer tissue and was correlated to the tumor stage. The in vitro experiments veri ed the importance of miR-105-3p in tumor invasion process including the promotion of the cell proliferation, the enhancement of the cell migration, the facilitation of invasion processes, and the suppression of cell apoptosis. All these effects of miR-105-3p were partially mediated by its inhibitory impacts on the expression of GOLIM4. Our ndings provided a promising evidence that miR-105-3p is a potential target for clinical treatment of breast cancer and might predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Conclusion
The elevated expression level of miR-105-3p was correlated with the tumor stage. Downregulation of miR-105-3p repressed cellular proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 and ZR-75-30 cells, which indicate that miR-105-3p acts as an oncogene in breast cancer. Furthermore, miR-105-3p could directly bind to the 3'UTR of GOLIM4 and thus played a tumor promoter role in breast cancer. All these results indicated that miR-105-3p might serve as a potential therapeutic target in the precise treatment of breast cancer, and it could also predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate
This study has been approved in writing by our hospital's ethics committee, and we obtained the patient's tumor tissue after signing an informed consent form with the patient.   proteins that were involved in cell apoptosis. (E) Transwell chamber assay for cell migration and invasion. Asterisks indicated signi cant differences from the control (**P < 0.01, compared to sh-NC, NC inhibitor+ sh-NC group. ##P < 0.01, compared to miR-105-3p miRNA inhibitor + sh-GOLIM4).

Supplementary Files
This is a list of supplementary les associated with this preprint. Click to download.