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  1. Breast radiotherapy as practised in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in significant myocardial exposure, and this was higher when the left breast was treated. It has been proposed that this difference might result...

    Authors: Rahul Roychoudhuri, David Robinson, Venkata Putcha, Jack Cuzick, Sarah Darby and Henrik Møller
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2007 7:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. YM529 is a newly developed nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (BP) classified as a third-generation BP that shows a 100-fold greater potency against bone resorption than pamidronate, a second-generation BP. Th...

    Authors: Ryuichiro Koshimune, Motoi Aoe, Shinichi Toyooka, Fumikata Hara, Mamoru Ouchida, Masaki Tokumo, Yoshifumi Sano, Hiroshi Date and Nobuyoshi Shimizu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2007 7:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. The lymphatic vessels play a crucial role in a variety of human cancers since tumour cell lymphatic invasion significantly influences prognosis. It is not known if pre-existing lymphatics are enough for tumour...

    Authors: Giuseppe Sarli, Francesco Sassi, Barbara Brunetti, Antonio Rizzo, Laura Diracca and Cinzia Benazzi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2007 7:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The apparent dominant model of colorectal cancer (CRC) inheritance in several large families, without mutations in known CRC susceptibility genes, suggests the presence of so far unidentified genes with strong...

    Authors: Anneke Middeldorp, Shantie Jagmohan-Changur, Quinta Helmer, Heleen M van der Klift, Carli MJ Tops, Hans FA Vasen, Peter Devilee, Hans Morreau, Jeanine J Houwing-Duistermaat, Juul T Wijnen and Tom van Wezel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2007 7:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates iodide (I-) transport in the thyroid, lactating breast, salivary glands, and stomach. Whereas NIS expression and regulation have b...

    Authors: Áron Altorjay, Orsolya Dohán, Anna Szilágyi, Monika Paroder, Irene L Wapnir and Nancy Carrasco
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2007 7:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. We have previously reported the potentiation of radiotherapy by the soy isoflavone genistein for prostate cancer using prostate tumor cells in vitro and orthotopic prostate tumor models in vivo. However, when gen...

    Authors: Gilda G Hillman, Yu Wang, Mingxin Che, Julian J Raffoul, Mark Yudelev, Omer Kucuk and Fazlul H Sarkar
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2007 7:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Oesophageal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Its incidence and mortality rates show a wide geographical variation at a world and regional level. Geographic mapping of age-standardized, ca...

    Authors: Nuria Aragonés, Rebeca Ramis, Marina Pollán, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Diana Gómez-Barroso, Virginia Lope, Elena Isabel Boldo, Javier García-Pérez and Gonzalo López-Abente
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2007 7:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. After curative treatment for breast cancer women frequently attend scheduled follow-up examinations. Usually the follow-up is most frequent in the first 2–3 years (2–4 times a year); thereafter the frequency i...

    Authors: Merel L Kimman, Adri C Voogd, Carmen D Dirksen, Paul Falger, Pierre Hupperets, Kristien Keymeulen, Marlene Hebly, Cary Dehing, Philippe Lambin and Liesbeth J Boersma
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2007 7:1
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  10. Overexpression of Fra-1 in fibroblasts causes anchorage-independent cell growth and oncogenic transformation. A high level of Fra-1 expression is found in various tumors and tumorigenic cell lines, suggesting ...

    Authors: Yuhua Song, Santai Song, Dong Zhang, Yan Zhang, Liyong Chen, Lu Qian, Ming Shi, Huibin Zhao, Zefei Jiang and Ning Guo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:298
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the United States. Although the causes of this disease are incompletely understood, oxidative DNA damage is presumed to play a critical ro...

    Authors: Simon G Nyaga, Althaf Lohani, Pawel Jaruga, Andrzej R Trzeciak, Miral Dizdaroglu and Michele K Evans
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:297
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progresses a multistage process, collectively known as precursor lesions, also called dysplasia (DYS) and carcinoma in situ (CIS), subsequent invasive ...

    Authors: Li-yan Xue, Nan Hu, Yong-mei Song, Shuang-mei Zou, Jian-zhong Shou, Lu-xia Qian, Li-qun Ren, Dong-mei Lin, Tong Tong, Zu-gen He, Qi-min Zhan, Philip R Taylor and Ning Lu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:296
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The development of targeted therapies has created a pressing clinical need for the rapid and robust molecular characterisation of cancers. We describe here the application of high-resolution melting analysis (...

    Authors: Michael Krypuy, Genni M Newnham, David M Thomas, Matthew Conron and Alexander Dobrovic
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:295
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Drug resistance to chemotherapy is often associated with increased malignancy in neuroblastoma (NB). One explanation for the link between resistance and malignancy might be that resistance facilitates cancer p...

    Authors: Roman A Blaheta, Frederick H Daher, Martin Michaelis, Christoph Hasenberg, Eva M Weich, Dietger Jonas, Rouslan Kotchetkov, Hans Willhelm Doerr and Jindrich Cinatl jr
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:294
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. A large number of renal cancer patients shows poor or partial response to chemotherapy and the mechanisms have not been still understood. Multi-drug resistance is the principal mechanism by which many cancers ...

    Authors: Chiara Mignogna, Stefania Staibano, Vincenzo Altieri, Gaetano De Rosa, Giuseppe Pannone, Angela Santoro, Rosanna Zamparese, Massimino D'Armiento, Romualdo Rocchetti, Ernesto Mezza, Mario Nasti, Viviana Strazzullo, Vittorino Montanaro, Massimo Mascolo and Pantaleo Bufo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:293
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Wee1 kinase plays a critical role in maintaining G2 arrest through its inhibitory phosphorylation of cdc2. In previous reports, a pyridopyrimidine molecule PD0166285 was identified to inhibit Wee1 activity at ...

    Authors: Osamu Hashimoto, Masako Shinkawa, Takuji Torimura, Toru Nakamura, Karuppaiyah Selvendiran, Masaharu Sakamoto, Hironori Koga, Takato Ueno and Michio Sata
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:292
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Breast cancer in women is increasingly frequent, and care is complex, onerous and expensive, all of which lend urgency to improvements in care. Quality measurement is essential to monitor effectiveness and to ...

    Authors: Howard M Schachter, Vasil Mamaladze, Gabriela Lewin, Ian D Graham, Melissa Brouwers, Margaret Sampson, Andra Morrison, Li Zhang, Peter O'Blenis and Chantelle Garritty
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:291
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Prognosis of esophageal cancer is poor despite curative surgery. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been proposed to distinctly contribute to tumor growth, dissemination and local immune escape in a limited numb...

    Authors: Ines Gockel, Carl C Schimanski, Christian Heinrich, T Wehler, K Frerichs, Daniel Drescher, Christian von Langsdorff, Mario Domeyer, Stefan Biesterfeld, Peter R Galle, Theodor Junginger and Markus Moehler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:290
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. To date, there is no standard treatment for unresectable malignant peritoneal mesothelioma; either best supportive care or systemic chemotherapy with palliative intent are accepted options.

    Authors: Gianpiero Fasola, Fabio Puglisi, Alessandro Follador, Marianna Aita, Silvia Di Terlizzi and Ornella Belvedere
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:289
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  20. Basic research of gefitinib (Iressa, ZD1839) has demonstrated the combination effects of gefitinib and chemotherapy were sequence-dependent. To evaluate the efficacy of sequential administration of gefitinib f...

    Authors: Jian Ming Xu, Yu Han, Yue Min Li, Chuan Hua Zhao, Yan Wang and Angelo Paradiso
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:288
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Continuous exposure to various environmental carcinogens and genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME) are associated with many types of human cancers, including esophageal squamous cell c...

    Authors: Zemin Wang, Lili Tang, Guiju Sun, Yuntian Tang, Yin Xie, Shaokang Wang, Xu Hu, Weimin Gao, Stephen B Cox and Jia-Sheng Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:287
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Chronic injury deregulates cellular homeostasis and induces a number of alterations leading to disruption of cellular processes such as cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis, driving to carcinogenesis. The stre...

    Authors: Cynthia C Castronuovo, Paula A Sacca, Roberto Meiss, Fabiana A Caballero, Alcira Batlle and Elba S Vazquez
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:286
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Anti-angiogenic treatment is believed to have at least cystostatic effects in highly vascularized tumours like pancreatic cancer. In this study, the treatment effects of the angiogenesis inhibitor Cilengitide ...

    Authors: Helmut Friess, Jan M Langrehr, Helmut Oettle, Jochen Raedle, Marco Niedergethmann, Christian Dittrich, Dieter K Hossfeld, Herbert Stöger, Bart Neyns, Peter Herzog, Pascal Piedbois, Frank Dobrowolski, Werner Scheithauer, Robert Hawkins, Frieder Katz, Peter Balcke…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:285
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The aim of this paper is to analyze changes in thyroid cancer incidence trends in Lithuania during the period 1978–2003 using joinpoint regression models, with special attention to the period 1993–2003.

    Authors: Giedre Smailyte, Edita Miseikyte-Kaubriene and Juozas Kurtinaitis
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:284
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are consistently associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Their malignant epithelial cells contain the viral genome and express several antigenic viral proteins. However, t...

    Authors: Cécile Keryer-Bibens, Catherine Pioche-Durieu, Cécile Villemant, Sylvie Souquère, Nozomu Nishi, Mitsuomi Hirashima, Jaap Middeldorp and Pierre Busson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:283
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Recently it has been reported that, toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed on a series of tumor cells, such as colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma and lung cancer. Although some cancer cel...

    Authors: Ferdaus Hassan, Shamima Islam, Gantsetseg Tumurkhuu, Yoshikazu Naiki, Naoki Koide, Isamu Mori, Tomoaki Yoshida and Takashi Yokochi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:281
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. A functional vascular network is essential for the survival, growth and spread of solid tumours, making blood vessels a key target for therapeutic strategies. Combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA-4-P) is a tubulin...

    Authors: Gabi U Dachs, Andrew J Steele, Claudia Coralli, Chryso Kanthou, Andrew C Brooks, Sarah P Gunningham, Margaret J Currie, Ally I Watson, Bridget A Robinson and Gillian M Tozer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:280
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The advantage of hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy for advanced head and neck cancer has been reported. Furthermore, randomized trials and meta-analyses have confirmed the survival benefit of add...

    Authors: Peter Stadler, Kurt Putnik, Thore Kreimeyer, Lisa D Sprague, Oliver Koelbl and Christof Schäfer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:279
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Several studies showed that gain-of-function somatic mutations affecting the catalytic domain of EGFR in non-small cell lung carcinomas were associated with response to gefitinib and erlotinib, both EGFR-tyrosine...

    Authors: Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Nita Williams, Christoph Plass, Miguel Villalona Calero and Charis Eng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:278
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Phase III trials evaluating the efficacy of gefitinib (IRESSA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lend support to the need for improved patient selection in terms of gefitinib use. Mutation of the epidermal...

    Authors: Rintaro Noro, Akihiko Gemma, Seiji Kosaihira, Yutaka Kokubo, Mingwei Chen, Masahiro Seike, Kiyoko Kataoka, Kuniko Matsuda, Tetsuya Okano, Yuji Minegishi, Akinobu Yoshimura and Shoji Kudoh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:277
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Breast cancer subtypes identified in genomic studies have different underlying genetic defects. Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 occur more frequently in estrogen receptor (ER) negative, basal-like and HE...

    Authors: Melissa A Troester, Jason I Herschkowitz, Daniel S Oh, Xiaping He, Katherine A Hoadley, Claire S Barbier and Charles M Perou
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Human breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, histopathologically, molecularly and phenotypically. The molecular basis of this heterogeneity is not well understood. We have used a mouse model of DCIS that co...

    Authors: Ruria Namba, Jeannie E Maglione, Ryan R Davis, Colin A Baron, Stephenie Liu, Condie E Carmack, Lawrence JT Young, Alexander D Borowsky, Robert D Cardiff and Jeffrey P Gregg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important outcome after treatment for upper gastrointestinal carcinoma. This study aimed to compare HRQOL in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) receiving ei...

    Authors: Sanambar Sadighi, Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi, Ali Montazeri and Zahra Sadighi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:274
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Currently 1 in 11 women over the age of 60 in Australia are diagnosed with breast cancer. Following treatment, most breast cancer patients are left with shoulder and arm impairments which can impact significan...

    Authors: Sharon L Kilbreath, Kathryn M Refshauge, Jane M Beith, Leigh C Ward, Judy M Simpson and Ross D Hansen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:273
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  36. Androgen-independent prostate adenocarcinomas are responsible for about 6% of overall cancer deaths in men.

    Authors: Elizabeth Devilard, Franck Bladou, Olivier Ramuz, Gilles Karsenty, Jean-Philippe Dalès, Gwenaëlle Gravis, Catherine Nguyen, François Bertucci, Luc Xerri and Daniel Birnbaum
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women in Nigeria and globally. In Nigeria, late presentations of breast cancer cases have also been consistent for three decades. In an environment where there is no...

    Authors: O Abimbola Oluwatosin and Oladimeji Oladepo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been shown to play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC). More recently, MMP1, MMP3 and MMP7 functional gene promoter polymorphisms have been found to be associated with CRC occur...

    Authors: Astrid Lièvre, Jacqueline Milet, Jérôme Carayol, Delphine Le Corre, Chantal Milan, Alexandre Pariente, Bernard Nalet, Jacques Lafon, Jean Faivre, Claire Bonithon-Kopp, Sylviane Olschwang, Catherine Bonaiti-Pellié and Pierre Laurent-Puig
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. In breast cancer current guidelines do not recommend the routine use of serum tumour markers. Differently, we observed that CEA-TPA-CA15.3 (carcinoembryonic (CEA) tissue polypeptide (TPA) and cancer associated...

    Authors: Andrea Nicolini, Gianna Tartarelli, Angelo Carpi, Maria Rita Metelli, Paola Ferrari, Loretta Anselmi, Massimo Conte, Piero Berti and Paolo Miccoli
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is a critical component of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Aberrant TCF7L2 expression modifies Wnt signaling and mediates oncogenic effects through the upregulation of c-MYC ...

    Authors: Barbara Burwinkel, Kalai S Shanmugam, Kari Hemminki, Alfons Meindl, Rita K Schmutzler, Christian Sutter, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Marion Kiechle, Claus R Bartram and Bernd Frank
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. In search of a suitable GSH-depleting agent, a novel copper complex viz., copper N-(2-hydroxyacetophenone) glycinate (CuNG) has been synthesized, which was initially found to be a potential resistance modifying a...

    Authors: Ananda Mookerjee, Jayati Mookerjee Basu, Surajit Majumder, Shilpak Chatterjee, Gouri S Panda, Pranabananda Dutta, Smarajit Pal, Pratima Mukherjee, Thomas Efferth, Syamal Roy and Soumitra K Choudhuri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Detection of circulating malignant cells (CMCs) through a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay seems to be a demonstration of systemic disease. We here evaluated the prognostic role o...

    Authors: Giuseppe Palmieri, Sabrina MR Satriano, Mario Budroni, Antonio Cossu, Francesco Tanda, Sergio Canzanella, Corrado Caracò, Ester Simeone, Antonio Daponte, Nicola Mozzillo, Giuseppe Comella, Giuseppe Castello and Paolo A Ascierto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of immunosuppression associated lymphoproliferations such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), AIDS related immunoblastic lymphomas (ARL) and ...

    Authors: Laszlo Markasz, György Stuber, Emilie Flaberg, Åsa Gustafsson Jernberg, Staffan Eksborg, Eva Olah, Henriette Skribek and Laszlo Szekely
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. There is a paucity of literature on the referral outcome of patients seen in phase I trial clinics in academic oncology centres. This study aims to provide information on the accrual rate and to identify obsta...

    Authors: Jeremy Ho, Gregory R Pond, Colin Newman, Martha Maclean, Eric X Chen, Amit M Oza and Lillian L Siu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The reciprocal (9;22) translocation fuses the bcr (breakpoint cluster region) gene on chromosome 22 to the abl (Abelson-leukemia-virus) gene on chromosome 9. Depending on the breakpoint on chromosome 22 (the Phil...

    Authors: Xiaomin Zheng, Saskia Güller, Tim Beissert, Elena Puccetti and Martin Ruthardt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. From 1968 to 2002, Singapore experienced an almost three-fold increase in breast cancer incidence. This increase appeared to be different across the three main ethnic groups: Chinese, Malays and Indians. This ...

    Authors: Xueling Sim, R Ayesha Ali, Sara Wedren, Denise Li-Meng Goh, Chuen-Seng Tan, Marie Reilly, Per Hall and Kee-Seng Chia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and appears to arise mainly from transformation of pre-existing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, the carcinogenic m...

    Authors: Junko Akaishi, Masamitsu Onda, Junichi Okamoto, Shizuyo Miyamoto, Mitsuji Nagahama, Kouichi Ito, Akira Yoshida and Kazuo Shimizu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Circulating plasma Epstein Barr Virus DNA (EBV-DNA) is a sensitive and specific marker of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The mainstay of treatment of metastatic NPC is systemic chemotherapy and resection for ...

    Authors: Stephen L Chan, Edwin P Hui, Sing F Leung, Anthony TC Chan and Brigette BY Ma
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:259
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  50. Bowel cancer is common and is a major cause of death. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials estimates that screening for colorectal cancer using faecal occult blood (FOB) test reduces mortality from co...

    Authors: Sue Wilson, Michael JO Wakelam, Richard FD Hobbs, Angela V Ryan, Janet A Dunn, Val D Redman, Fiona Patrick, Lynne Colbourne, Ashley Martin and Tariq Ismail
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2006 6:258
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

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