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  1. To improve current treatment strategies for patients with aggressive colorectal cancer (CRC), the molecular understanding of subgroups of CRC with poor prognosis is of vast importance. SOX2 positive tumors hav...

    Authors: Ida V. Lundberg, Sofia Edin, Vincy Eklöf, Åke Öberg, Richard Palmqvist and Maria L. Wikberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:471
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Numerous case–control studies have been performed to investigate the association between three cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) polymorphisms (rs20417 (−765G > C), rs689466 (−1195G > A), and rs5275 (8473 T > C)) and t...

    Authors: Wei-Dong Leng, Xiu-Jie Wen, Joey S. W. Kwong, Wei Huang, Jian-Gang Chen and Xian-Tao Zeng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:457
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. In the context of early detection of head and neck cancers (HNC), the aim of this study was to describe how people sought medical consultation during the year prior to diagnosis and the impact on the stage of ...

    Authors: Karine Ligier, Olivier Dejardin, Ludivine Launay, Emmanuel Benoit, Emmanuel Babin, Simona Bara, Bénédicte Lapôtre-Ledoux, Guy Launoy and Anne-Valérie Guizard
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:456
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Approximately 80 % of mesothelioma specimens have the wild-type p53 gene, whereas they contain homozygous deletions in the INK4A/ARF locus that encodes p14 ARF ...

    Authors: Yuanyuan Jiang, Boya Zhong, Kiyoko Kawamura, Takao Morinaga, Masato Shingyoji, Ikuo Sekine, Yuji Tada, Koichiro Tatsumi, Hideaki Shimada, Kenzo Hiroshima and Masatoshi Tagawa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:455
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence is highest in highly developed countries and it is the seventh most common neoplasm diagnosed. RCC management include nephrectomy and targeted therapies. Type 1 insulin-lik...

    Authors: Adam F. Tracz, Cezary Szczylik, Camillo Porta and Anna M. Czarnecka
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:453
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  7. Silibinin, a biologically active compound of milk thistle, has chemopreventive effects on cancer cell lines. Recently it was reported that silibinin inhibited tumor growth through activation of the apoptotic s...

    Authors: Sang-Hun Kim, Kwang-Youn Kim, Sun-Nyoung Yu, Young-Kyo Seo, Sung-Sik Chun, Hak-Sun Yu and Soon-Cheol Ahn
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:452
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been an emerging non-invasive treatment modality for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when curative treatments cannot be applied. In this study, we re...

    Authors: Jenny Que, Hsing-Tao Kuo, Li-Ching Lin, Kuei-Li Lin, Chia-Hui Lin, Yu-Wei Lin and Ching-Chieh Yang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:451
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Diagnosing breast cancer during the early stage may be helpful for decreasing cancer-related mortality. In Western developed countries, mammographies have been the gold standard for breast cancer detection. Ho...

    Authors: Xiuyan Yu, Guoming Hu, Zhigang Zhang, Fuming Qiu, Xuan Shao, Xiaochen Wang, Hongwei Zhan, Yiding Chen, Yongchuan Deng and Jian Huang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:450
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Our aim was to investigate the influence of FTS on human cellular and humoral immunity using a randomized controlled clinical study in esophageal cancer patients.

    Authors: Lantao Chen, Lixin Sun, Yaoguo Lang, Jun Wu, Lei Yao, Jinfeng Ning, Jinfeng Zhang and Shidong Xu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:449
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The annexins (ANXs) have diverse roles in tumor development and progression, however, their clinical significance in cervical cancer has not been elucidated. The present study was to investigate the clinical s...

    Authors: Chel Hun Choi, Joon-Yong Chung, Eun Joo Chung, John D. Sears, Jeong-Won Lee, Duk-Soo Bae and Stephen M. Hewitt
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:448
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Intraocular iris rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare, and in the 3 cases reported to date occurred as the primary site of tumour growth. We report a case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the foot metastasizing to the iris.

    Authors: Ido Didi Fabian, G. Darius Hildebrand, Shaun Wilson, Tina Foord and Mandeep S. Sagoo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:447
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  13. Despite the high rates and regional variation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in East Africa, the contributions of smoking and alcohol to the ESCC burden in the general population are unknown.

    Authors: Samson Okello, Cristina Churchill, Rogers Owori, Benson Nasasira, Christine Tumuhimbise, Charles Lagoro Abonga, David Mutiibwa, David C. Christiani and Kathleen E. Corey
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:446
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Half of patients with colorectal cancer initially present with non-specific or vague symptoms. In the need for a safe low-c...

    Authors: Jakob Søgaard Juul, Flemming Bro, Nete Hornung, Berit Sanne Andersen, Søren Laurberg, Frede Olesen and Peter Vedsted
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:445
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  15. Multiple myeloma osteolytic disease affecting the spine results in vertebral compression fractures. These are painful, result in kyphosis, and impact respiratory function and quality of life. We explore the im...

    Authors: Karan Malhotra, Joseph S. Butler, Hai Ming Yu, Susanne Selvadurai, Shirley D’Sa, Neil Rabin, Charalampia Kyriakou, Kwee Yong and Sean Molloy
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:444
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. A randomized clinical trial has found that the addition of erlotinib to gemcitabine (GEM-E) for pancreatic cancer led to a modest increase in survival. The aim of this national population-based retrospective s...

    Authors: Sangjin Shin, Chan Mi Park, Hanbyeol Kwon and Kyung-Hun Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:443
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARγ is essential in adipocyte differentiation fro...

    Authors: Akihiko Takeuchi, Norio Yamamoto, Toshiharu Shirai, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Shinji Miwa, Seiichi Munesue, Yasuhiko Yamamoto and Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:442
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Osteopontin is a marker for breast cancer progression, which in previous studies has also been associated with resistance to certain anti-cancer therapies. It is not known which splice variants may mediate tre...

    Authors: Krzysztof Zduniak, Anil Agrawal, Siddarth Agrawal, Md Monir Hossain, Piotr Ziolkowski and Georg F. Weber
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:441
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Previous work has demonstrated immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects of the small molecule quinoline-3-carboxamide tasquinimod in pre-clinical cancer models. To better under...

    Authors: Adnan Deronic, Sahar Tahvili, Tomas Leanderson and Fredrik Ivars
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:440
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:610

  20. The natural compound triptolide has been shown to decrease cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and cellular senescence. We previously demonstrated that triptolide decreases tumor formation and metastasis o...

    Authors: Theresa A. Reno, Sun-Wing Tong, Jun Wu, John M. Fidler, Rebecca Nelson, Jae Y. Kim and Dan J. Raz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:439
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The total intake of dietary antioxidants may reduce prostate cancer risk but available data are sparse and the possible role of supplements unclear. We investigated the potential association between total and ...

    Authors: Kjell M. Russnes, Elisabeth Möller, Kathryn M. Wilson, Monica Carlsen, Rune Blomhoff, Sigbjørn Smeland, Hans-Olov Adami, Henrik Grönberg, Lorelei A. Mucci and Katarina Bälter
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:438
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. To compare definitive radiochemotherapy with weekly administration of 30–40 mg/m2 of cisplatin to 100 mg/m2 of cisplatin on days 1, 22 and 43 for outcomes and toxicity in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of ...

    Authors: Dirk Rades, Daniel Seidl, Stefan Janssen, Amira Bajrovic, Katarina Karner, Primoz Strojan and Steven E Schild
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:437
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The purpose of this study was to evaluate socio-demographic characteristics of clients claiming genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in Austria. Furthermore, changes of these para...

    Authors: Christine Staudigl, Georg Pfeiler, Katharina Hrauda, Romana Renz, Andreas Berger, Renate Lichtenschopf, Christian F. Singer and Muy-Kheng M. Tea
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:436
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Colorectal cancers are one of the most common forms of malignancy worldwide. But two significant areas of research less studied deserve attention: health services use and development of patient stratification ...

    Authors: José M. Quintana, Nerea Gonzalez, Ane Anton-Ladislao, Maximino Redondo, Marisa Bare, Nerea Fernandez de Larrea, Eduardo Briones, Antonio Escobar, Cristina Sarasqueta, Susana Garcia-Gutierrez and Urko Aguirre
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:435
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  25. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis plays a paramount role in the immune escape of tumor cells by negative regulation of T-cell functions. The aim of the present study was to characterize the PD-L1 expression pattern and its ...

    Authors: Chan Kim, Eun Kyung Kim, Hun Jung, Hong Jae Chon, Jung Woo Han, Kyoo-Ho Shin, Hyuk Hu, Kyung Sik Kim, Young Deuk Choi, Sunghoon Kim, Young Han Lee, Jin-Suck Suh, Joong Bae Ahn, Hyun Cheol Chung, Sung Hoon Noh, Sun Young Rha…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:434
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a validated prognostic marker in metastatic breast cancer. Additional prognostic information may be obtained by morphologic characterization of CTCs. We explored w...

    Authors: Sara Jansson, Pär-Ola Bendahl, Anna-Maria Larsson, Kristina E. Aaltonen and Lisa Rydén
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:433
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Ovarian cancer is a metastatic disease and one of the leading causes of gynaecology malignancy-related deaths in women. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are key contributors of cancer metastasis and relapse. Integrins...

    Authors: Chantel Samardzija, Rodney B. Luwor, Michael A. Quinn, George Kannourakis, Jock K. Findlay and Nuzhat Ahmed
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:432
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The 5-year overall survival rates for head and neck cancer (HNC) relies on distant metastasis. Importantly, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is believed to be an initial step of metastasis. However,...

    Authors: Li-Hsuen Chen, Wen-Lin Hsu, Yen-Ju Tseng, Dai-Wei Liu and Ching-Feng Weng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:431
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:595

  29. Recent large trials have shown the survival benefits of 10-year use of tamoxifen by reducing late recurrence compared with 5-year therapy in estrogen receptor(ER)-positive breast cancer. We tried to identify c...

    Authors: Eun-Shin Lee, Wonshik Han, Min Kyoon Kim, Jongjin Kim, Tae-kyung Yoo, Moo Hyun Lee, Kyung Hun Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Seock-Ah Im, Dong-Young Noh and Eun Sook Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:430
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Sorafenib is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor with a demonstrated activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it is currently used for the treatment of these pathologies. On...

    Authors: Andrea Casadei Gardini, Elisa Chiadini, Luca Faloppi, Giorgia Marisi, Angelo Delmonte, Mario Scartozzi, Cristian Loretelli, Alessandro Lucchesi, Devil Oboldi, Alessandra Dubini, Giovanni Luca Frassineti and Paola Ulivi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:429
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. Several staging systems have been developed to evaluate patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including the China Staging System (CS), the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor-node-metastasi...

    Authors: Lihui Su, Tao Zhou, Zongli Zhang, Xiuguo Zhang, Xuting Zhi, Caixia Li, Qingliang Wang, Chongqi Jia, Wenna Shi, Yanqiu Yue, Yanjing Gao and Baoquan Cheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:424
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) plays a crucial role in cancer progression, which is regulated by the interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1) and up-streaming Akt activatio...

    Authors: Xiaohong Yang, En Luo, Xin Liu, Bin Han, Xiaoping Yu and Xiaoli Peng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:423
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Data from providers of private cancer care are not yet formally included in English cancer registration data. This study aimed to test the exchange of breast cancer data from one Hospital Corporation of Americ...

    Authors: Elizabeth A. Davies, Victoria H. Coupland, Steve Dixon, Kefah Mokbel and Ruth H. Jack
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:421
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Cancer-cachexia state frequently induces both fat and protein wasting, leading to death. In this way, the knowledge of the mechanism of drugs and their side effects can be a new feature to treat and to have su...

    Authors: André G. Oliveira and Maria Cristina C. Gomes-Marcondes
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:418
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Pemetrexed is widely used for the treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, factors that can predict the benefits of pemetrexed therapy have not yet been defined.

    Authors: Sojung Park, Hyun Jung Kim, Chang–Min Choi, Dae Ho Lee, Sang–We Kim, Jung–Shin Lee, Woo Sung Kim, Se Hoon Choi, Jin Kyung Rho and Jae Cheol Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:417
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The mass colorectal cancer screening program was implemented in 2008 in France, targeting 16 million French people aged between 50 and 74. The current adhesion is insufficient and the participation rate is eve...

    Authors: C. Allary, A. Bourmaud, F. Tinquaut, M. Oriol, J. Kalecinski, V. Dutertre, N. Lechopier, M. Pommier, Y. Benoist, S. Rousseau, V. Regnier, V. Buthion and F. Chauvin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:416
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  37. We previously demonstrated that hsa-miR-520d-5p can convert cancer cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via a demethylation process and p53 upregulation in vivo. A...

    Authors: Yoshitaka Ishihara, Satoshi Tsuno, Satoshi Kuwamoto, Taro Yamashita, Yusuke Endo, Keigo Miura, Yugo Miura, Takemasa Sato, Junichi Hasegawa and Norimasa Miura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:415
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2017 17:666

  38. Mammographic density is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer. We investigated the association between three different methods of measuring density or parenchymal pattern/texture on digitized film-b...

    Authors: Rikke Rass Winkel, My von Euler-Chelpin, Mads Nielsen, Kersten Petersen, Martin Lillholm, Michael Bachmann Nielsen, Elsebeth Lynge, Wei Yao Uldall and Ilse Vejborg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:414
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Randomized trials have shown a survival benefit for regorafenib over placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) that progressed after standard therapies. We evaluated survival and safety outc...

    Authors: Antoine Adenis, Christelle de la Fouchardiere, Bernard Paule, Pascal Burtin, David Tougeron, Jennifer Wallet, Louis-Marie Dourthe, Pierre-Luc Etienne, Laurent Mineur, Stéphanie Clisant, Jean-Marc Phelip, Andrew Kramar and Thierry Andre
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:412
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:518

  40. Detecting superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by endoscopy is challenging because of limited morphological hallmarks, and iodine cannot be applied to head and neck lesions due to severe m...

    Authors: Takeshi Mizushima, Shunsuke Ohnishi, Yuichi Shimizu, Yutaka Hatanaka, Kanako C. Hatanaka, Hidetaka Hosono, Yoshimasa Kubota, Mitsuteru Natsuizaka, Mako Kamiya, Shouko Ono, Akihiro Homma, Mototsugu Kato, Naoya Sakamoto and Yasuteru Urano
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:411
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Chaoshan region, a littoral area of Guangdong province in southern China, has a high incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). At present, the prognosis of ESCC is still very poor, therefore, the...

    Authors: Zhijin Lei, Dongping Tian, Chong Zhang, Shukun Zhao and Min Su
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:410
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is involved in lung diseases such as pneumonia, asthma and lung cancer. Lavage mirrors the local environment, and may provide insights into the presence and role of IL-22 in patients.

    Authors: Amanda Tufman, Rudolf Maria Huber, Stefanie Völk, Frederic Aigner, Martin Edelmann, Fernando Gamarra, Rosemarie Kiefl, Kathrin Kahnert, Fei Tian, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Stefan Endres and Sebastian Kobold
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:409
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer in USA and the second leading cause of cancer death in Western Countries. Despite the high mortality associated with PCa, the only established risk fact...

    Authors: Cosimo De Nunzio, Giuseppe Simone, Aldo Brassetti, Riccardo Mastroianni, Devis Collura, Giovanni Muto, Michele Gallucci and Andrea Tubaro
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:407
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The number of Nigerian men presenting with benign prostatic hyperplasia is on the rise because of increase awareness about the ailment. With the renewed effort by the national health insurance scheme to cover ...

    Authors: Emeka I. Udeh, Chimaobi G. Ofoha, David A. Adewole and Ikenna I. Nnabugwu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:405
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Eribulin is a non-taxane, microtubule dynamics inhibitor that increases survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Although eribulin is well tolerated in patients with heavily pretreated disease, erib...

    Authors: Takayuki Kobayashi, Jyunichi Tomomatsu, Ippei Fukada, Tomoko Shibayama, Natsuki Teruya, Yoshinori Ito, Takuji Iwase, Shinji Ohno and Shunji Takahashi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:404
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The adjuvant treatment for patients with isolated stromal invasion after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in FIGO stage IB1 and IIA1 cervical carcinoma has not been established. Thi...

    Authors: Lei Li, XiaoYan Song, RuoNan Liu, Nan Li, Ye Zhang, Yan Cheng, HongTu Chao and LiYing Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:403
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations that activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway have been observed in several types of carcinoma and have been associated...

    Authors: Kazuto Harada, Yoshifumi Baba, Hironobu Shigaki, Takatsugu Ishimoto, Keisuke Miyake, Keisuke Kosumi, Ryuma Tokunaga, Daisuke Izumi, Mayuko Ohuchi, Kenichi Nakamura, Yuki Kiyozumi, Junji Kurashige, Masaaki Iwatsuki, Yuji Miyamoto, Yasuo Sakamoto, Naoya Yoshida…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:400
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs, down regulate immunity and promote tumor cell growth by directly suppressing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Alternatively they can promote tumor growth ...

    Authors: Yang Yu, Run Huang, Xiangyun Zong, Xiangming He and Wenju Mo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:397
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a simple marker of the systemic inflammatory response, has been demonstrated to correlate with patient outcomes for various solid malignancies. We investigated the uti...

    Authors: Jun Kasuga, Takashi Kawahara, Daiji Takamoto, Sachi Fukui, Takashi Tokita, Tomoyuki Tadenuma, Masaki Narahara, Syusei Fusayasu, Hideyuki Terao, Koji Izumi, Hiroki Ito, Yusuke Hattori, Jun-ichi Teranishi, Takeshi Sasaki, Kazuhide Makiyama, Yasuhide Miyoshi…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:396
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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