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  1. Breast cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease and is one of the leading causes of death among women. In addressing the need for treatments of this life-threatening illness, we studied 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2...

    Authors: Bruna C Guido, Luciana M Ramos, Diego O Nolasco, Catharine C Nobrega, Bárbara YG Andrade, Aline Pic-Taylor, Brenno AD Neto and José R Corrêa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:283
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Centrally necrotizing carcinoma of the breast (CNC) represents a newly-identified subset of breast cancer. The clinical and pathological characteristics of this breast cancer subtype are not yet completely und...

    Authors: Yanling Zhang, Yurong Ou, Donghong Yu, Xiang Yong, Xiaoli Wang, Bo Zhu, Qiong Zhang, Lei Zhou, Zhaogen Cai and Zenong Cheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:282
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Organ-preserving chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) is the standard of care for non-metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The optimal dosing schedules are yet to be determined. To improve local control rates, d...

    Authors: Michael Jones, George Hruby, Peter Stanwell, Sarah Gallagher, Karen Wong, Jameen Arm and Jarad Martin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:281
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  4. Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer with a rising incidence globally. Less toxic treatments are increasingly available, so patients are living longer and treatment decisions are increasingly guided by QOL ...

    Authors: Thomas R Osborne, Christina Ramsenthaler, Stephen A Schey, Richard J Siegert, Polly M Edmonds and Irene J Higginson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:280
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Well-organised quality-controlled screening can substantially reduce the burden of cervical cancer (CC). European guidelines (EuG) for quality assurance in CC screening provide guidance on all aspects of an or...

    Authors: Andrzej Nowakowski, Marek Cybulski, Andrzej Śliwczyński, Arkadiusz Chil, Zbigniew Teter, Przemysław Seroczyński, Marc Arbyn and Ahti Anttila
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:279
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Invasive breast cancers are now commonly classified using gene expression into biologically and clinically distinct tumor subtypes. However, the role of obesity in breast tumor gene expression and intrinsic su...

    Authors: Marilyn L Kwan, Candyce H Kroenke, Carol Sweeney, Philip S Bernard, Erin K Weltzien, Adrienne Castillo, Rachel E Factor, Kaylynn S Maxfield, Inge J Stijleman, Lawrence H Kushi, Charles P Quesenberry Jr., Laurel A Habel and Bette J Caan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:278
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is correlated closely with the occurrence and development of lung cancer. FGFR1 kinase inhibitors have exhibited significant therapeutic effects against non-small-ce...

    Authors: Jianzhang Wu, Tao Wei, Qinqin Tang, Bixia Weng, Wulan Li, Xin Jiang, Ting Ding, Xiaokun Li, Guang Liang, Yuepiao Cai and Jiansong Ji
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. AF-6/afadin plays an important role in the formation of adherence junctions. In breast and colon cancer, loss of AF-6/afadin induces cell migration and cell invasion. We aimed to elucidate the role of AF-6/afa...

    Authors: Takuro Yamamoto, Taisuke Mori, Morio Sawada, Hiroshi Matsushima, Fumitake Ito, Makoto Akiyama and Jo Kitawaki
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Mammographic breast density and parenchymal patterns are well-established risk factors for breast cancer. We aimed to report inter-observer agreement on three different subjective ways of assessing mammographi...

    Authors: Rikke Rass Winkel, My von Euler-Chelpin, Mads Nielsen, Pengfei Diao, Michael Bachmann Nielsen, Wei Yao Uldall and Ilse Vejborg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:274
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The neural transcription factor SOX11 is present at specific stages during embryo development with a very restricted expression in adult tissue, indicating precise regulation of transcription. SOX11 is strongl...

    Authors: Lena Nordström, Elin Andersson, Venera Kuci, Elin Gustavsson, Karolina Holm, Markus Ringnér, Per Guldberg and Sara Ek
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:273
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the first-line treatment for prolactinomas, which account for 25–30% of functioning pituitary adenomas, and bromocriptine (BRC) is the only commercially available DAs in China. Howe...

    Authors: Hua Gao, Fei Wang, Xiaolei Lan, Chuzhong Li, Jie Feng, Jiwei Bai, Lei Cao, Songbai Gui, Lichuan Hong and Yazhuo Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal injury tissue ablation technique that uses electrical pulses to cause cell death. IRE damages the endothelial cells of blood vessels; however these cells re-...

    Authors: Hans F Schoellhammer, Bryan Goldner, Shaila J Merchant, Jonathan Kessler, Yuman Fong and Singh Gagandeep
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:271
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. Owing to the rarity of sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT), it is difficult to recognize SCTAT clinically and there is no standard treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate the treatment outco...

    Authors: Qiuhong Qian, Yan You, Jiaxin Yang, Dongyan Cao, Zhaohui Zhu, Ming Wu, Jie Chen, Jinghe Lang and Keng Shen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is an extremely rare benign tumor that commonly arises from the second part of the duodenum. Since GP exhibit neither prominent mitotic activity nor Ki-67 immunoreactivity, this...

    Authors: Yoichiro Okubo, Tetsuo Nemoto, Megumi Wakayama, Naobumi Tochigi, Minoru Shinozaki, Takao Ishiwatari, Kyoko Aki, Masaru Tsuchiya, Hajime Aoyama, Kanade Katsura, Takeshi Fujii, Takashi Nishigami, Tomoyuki Yokose, Yasuo Ohkura and Kazutoshi Shibuya
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Variations in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with enhanced drug efficacy and toxicity in cancer therapy. SNP variations in the ErbB2 gene have been identified that alter the protei...

    Authors: Sasha E Stanton, Maureen M Ward, Paul Christos, Rachel Sanford, Christina Lam, Marta V Cobham, Diana Donovan, Ronald J Scheff, Tessa Cigler, Anne Moore, Linda T Vahdat, Maureen E Lane and Ellen Chuang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Over-expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) is correlated with poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Previous studies examining other cancer types have im...

    Authors: Clarissa C Pasiliao, Che-Wei A Chang, Brent W Sutherland, Shannon M Valdez, David Schaeffer, Donald T Yapp and Sylvia S W Ng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. In large epidemiological studies it is often challenging to obtain biological samples. Self-sampling by study participants using dried blood spots (DBS) technique has been suggested to overcome this challenge....

    Authors: Amrit Kaur Sakhi, Nasser Ezzatkhah Bastani, Merete Ellingjord-Dale, Thomas Erik Gundersen, Rune Blomhoff and Giske Ursin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP), a secretory growth factor, demonstrated overexpression in various human cancers, however, mechanism remain elusive. Primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ran...

    Authors: Man Kuen Yung, Kwok Wai Lo, Chi Wai Yip, Grace TY Chung, Carol YK Tong, Phyllis FY Cheung, Tan To Cheung, Ronnie TP Poon, Samuel So, Sheung Tat Fan and Siu Tim Cheung
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Whether portal hypertension (PHT) is an appropriate contraindication for hepatic resection (HR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient is still under debate.

    Authors: Wei He, Qingli Zeng, Yun Zheng, Meixian Chen, Jingxian Shen, Jiliang Qiu, Miao Chen, Ruhai Zou, Yadi Liao, Qijiong Li, Xianqiu Wu, Binkui Li and Yunfei Yuan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Cyclin D1 and its kinase partners control cell cycle progression. Cyclin D1 is frequently deregulated in various cancers, including malignant hemopathies, and tumor cells display uncontrolled cell proliferatio...

    Authors: Sophie Bustany, Julie Cahu, Philippe Guardiola and Brigitte Sola
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Language mapping by repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used for resection planning in patients suffering from brain lesions within regions known to be involved in language functio...

    Authors: Nico Sollmann, Sebastian Ille, Theresa Hauck, Stefanie Maurer, Chiara Negwer, Claus Zimmer, Florian Ringel, Bernhard Meyer and Sandro M Krieg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Cancer stem cell (CSC) research has highlighted the necessity of developing drugs targeting CSCs. We investigated a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line that not only has CSC hierarchy but also shows pheno...

    Authors: Takeshi Yamada, Masato Abei, Inaho Danjoh, Ryoko Shirota, Taro Yamashita, Ichinosuke Hyodo and Yukio Nakamura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The objective of this study was to discover and to validate novel noninvasive biomarkers that distinguish between benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and localized prostate cancer (PCa), thereby helping to solve...

    Authors: Andrej Jedinak, Adam Curatolo, David Zurakowski, Simon Dillon, Manoj K Bhasin, Towia A Libermann, Roopali Roy, Monisha Sachdev, Kevin R Loughlin and Marsha A Moses
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The mutation in KRAS exon 2 is a validated biomarker of resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Several reports have confirmed associations of ot...

    Authors: Akihito Kawazoe, Kohei Shitara, Shota Fukuoka, Yasutoshi Kuboki, Hideaki Bando, Wataru Okamoto, Takashi Kojima, Nozomu Fuse, Takeharu Yamanaka, Toshihiko Doi, Atsushi Ohtsu and Takayuki Yoshino
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. To assess the safety and efficacy of simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) or late course accelerated boost (LCAB) with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to the vaginal cuff for high risk cervical cancer patient...

    Authors: Xin Wang, Yaqin Zhao, Yali Shen, Pei Shu, Zhiping Li, Sen Bai and Feng Xu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Comparison of tissue microarray results of 29 cervical cancer and 27 normal cervix tissue samples using immunohistochemistry revealed considerable reorganization of the fibrillar stroma of these tumors.

    Authors: Alexandra Fullár, József Dudás, Lászlóné Oláh, Péter Hollósi, Zoltán Papp, Gábor Sobel, Katalin Karászi, Sándor Paku, Kornélia Baghy and Ilona Kovalszky
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an unmet clinical need. The 5-year survival rate of patients with GBM is less than 3%. Temozolomide (TMZ) remains the standard first-line treatment regimen for...

    Authors: Dawn Q Chong, Xin Y Toh, Ivy AW Ho, Kian C Sia, Jennifer P Newman, Yulyana Yulyana, Wai-Hoe Ng, Siang H Lai, Mac MF Ho, Nivedh Dinesh, Chee K Tham and Paula YP Lam
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Advanced breast cancer patients have a higher risk of postoperative recurrence than early-stage breast cancer patients. Recurrence is believed to be caused by the increase in micrometases, which were not eradi...

    Authors: Takashi Shigekawa, Akihiko Osaki, Hiroshi Sekine, Nobuaki Sato, Chizuko Kanbayashi, Hiroshi Sano, Hideki Takeuchi, Shigeto Ueda, Noriko Nakamiya, Ikuko Sugitani, Michiko Sugiyama, Hiroko Shimada, Eiko Hirokawa, Takao Takahashi and Toshiaki Saeki
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Breast neoplasms include different histopathological entities, varying from benign tumors to highly aggressive cancers. Despite the key role of imaging, traditional histology is still required for a definitive...

    Authors: Giovanni D De Palma, Dario Esposito, Gaetano Luglio, Gennaro Limite, Antonello Accurso, Viviana Sollazzo, Francesco Maione, Gianluca Cassese, Saverio Siciliano, Nicola Gennarelli, Gennaro Ilardi, Mariano Paternoster, Mariano C Giglio and Pietro Forestieri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are the most frequent sex cord-stromal tumors. Several studies have shown that a somatic mutation leading to a C134W substitution in the transcription factor FOXL2 appears ...

    Authors: Sandrine Caburet, Mikko Anttonen, Anne-Laure Todeschini, Leila Unkila-Kallio, Denis Mestivier, Ralf Butzow and Reiner A Veitia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. To overcome the limitations of animal-based experiments, 3D culture models mimicking the tumor microenvironment in vivo are gaining attention. Herein, we investigated an alginate-based 3D scaffold for screening o...

    Authors: Mehdi Shakibaei, Patricia Kraehe, Bastian Popper, Parviz Shayan, Ajay Goel and Constanze Buhrmann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The purpose of the present study was to examine 1) characteristics and attitudes of oncologists toward exercise and toward recommending exercise to their patients, 2) association among oncologists’ own physica...

    Authors: Ji-Hye Park, Minsuk Oh, Yong Jin Yoon, Chul Won Lee, Lee W Jones, Seung Il Kim, Nam Kyu Kim and Justin Y Jeon
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) plays an essential role in the regulation of many biological processes, such as hematopoietic cell differentiation, while abnormal RARα function contributes to the pathogene...

    Authors: Yang Cao, Wei Wei, Nan Zhang, Qing Yu, Wen-Bin Xu, Wen-Jun Yu, Guo-Qiang Chen, Ying-Li Wu and Hua Yan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Oxaliplatin based chemotherapy is often used as adjuvant therapy in colon and rectal cancer. A reported side effect is Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome which is characterized by a spectrum of pathologic changes...

    Authors: Henrique Alexandrino, Domingos Oliveira, Maria Augusta Cipriano, Luís Ferreira, J Guilherme Tralhão and Francisco Castro e Sousa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:247
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. Aberrant expression of serine threonine tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1) has been reported in several human malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the prognostic significance of STYK1 expression in ...

    Authors: Liang Hu, Hai-Yang Chen, Jian Cai, Yu Zhang, Chen-Ye Qi, Hui Gong, Yan-Xia Zhai, Hao Fu, Guang-Zhen Yang and Chun-Fang Gao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays a key role in innate immunity. In the present study, we analyzed tissues of patients with human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to determine the significance of the relationshi...

    Authors: Ming-Ming Yuan, Yu-Yin Xu, Li Chen, Xing-Yu Li, Jing Qin and Ying Shen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes two-electron reduction and detoxification of quinones and its derivatives. NQO1 catalyzes reactions that have a protective effect against ...

    Authors: Xuelian Cui, Lianhua Li, Guanghai Yan, Kai Meng, Zhenhua Lin, Yunze Nan, Guang Jin and Chunyu Li
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. No information is available on the attitudes of General Practitioners (GPs) and Breast Surgeons (BSs) to their delivery of genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factor information about breast cancer. The ...

    Authors: Claire Julian-Reynier, Anne-Deborah Bouhnik, D Gareth Evans, Hilary Harris, Christi J van Asperen, Aad Tibben, Joerg Schmidtke and Irmgard Nippert
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. To date, there have been no reports characterizing the genome-wide somatic DNA chromosomal copy-number alteration landscape in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We sought to characterize the DNA copy-number pro...

    Authors: Richard M Bambury, Ami S Bhatt, Markus Riester, Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu, Fujiko Duke, Joaquim Bellmunt, Edward C Stack, Lillian Werner, Rachel Park, Gopa Iyer, Massimo Loda, Philip W Kantoff, Franziska Michor, Matthew Meyerson and Jonathan E Rosenberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have anti-tumor effects against renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer and breast cancer. In this study, we analyzed the antitumor effects of mTO...

    Authors: Masaru Matsumoto, Masahiro Seike, Rintaro Noro, Chie Soeno, Teppei Sugano, Susumu Takeuchi, Akihiko Miyanaga, Kazuhiro Kitamura, Kaoru Kubota and Akihiko Gemma
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Colorectal carcinoma is a common cause of cancer. Adjuvant treatments include: 5-fluorouracil administered together with folinic acid, or more recently, oral fluoropyrimidines such as capecitabine, in combinat...

    Authors: Silvina Grasso, Isabel Martínez-Lacaci, Víctor Manuel Barberá, Adela Castillejo, José Luis Soto, Javier Gallego-Plazas, Natividad López-Riquelme, Pilar García-Morales, Trinidad Mata-Balaguer, José Antonio Ferragut and Miguel Saceda
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Resistance to antiestrogen therapy is a major clinical challenge in the treatment of estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancer. The aim of the study was to explore the growth promoting pathways of anties...

    Authors: Sarah L Larsen, Christina W Yde, Anne-Vibeke Laenkholm, Birgitte B Rasmussen, Anne Katrine Duun-Henriksen, Martin Bak, Anne E Lykkesfeldt and Tove Kirkegaard
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. MicroRNAs are known to inhibit gene expression by binding to the 3′UTR of the target transcript. Downregulation of miR-223 has been recently reported to have prognostic significance in CLL. However, there is n...

    Authors: Ana E Rodríguez-Vicente, Dalia Quwaider, Rocío Benito, Irena Misiewicz-Krzeminska, María Hernández-Sánchez, Alfonso García de Coca, Rosa Fisac, José-María Alonso, Carolina Zato, Juan Francisco de Paz, Juan Luis García, Ma Eugenia Sarasquete, José Ángel Hernández, Juan M Corchado, Marcos González, Norma C Gutiérrez…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Adenocarcinoma originating from the digestive system is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor recurrence, advanced local growth and metastasis are key factors that frequently prevent th...

    Authors: Hanno Niess, Jobst C von Einem, Michael N Thomas, Marlies Michl, Martin K Angele, Ralf Huss, Christine Günther, Peter J Nelson, Christiane J Bruns and Volker Heinemann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:237
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  48. Sorafenib is an orally administered multikinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative properties. The results of large clinical trials demonstrate that sorafenib prolongs survival and the time to...

    Authors: Sae Hwan Lee, Il Han Song, Ran Noh, Ha Yan Kang, Suk Bae Kim, Soon Young Ko, Eoum Seok Lee, Seok Hyun Kim, Byung Seok Lee, An Na Kim, Hee Bok Chae, Hong Soo Kim, Tae Hee Lee, Young Woo Kang, Jae Dong Lee and Heon Young Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Patients suffering from cancer are often treated with a range of chemotherapeutic agents, but the treatment efficacy varies greatly between patients. Based on recent popularisation of regularised regression mo...

    Authors: Steffen Falgreen, Karen Dybkær, Ken H Young, Zijun Y Xu-Monette, Tarec C El-Galaly, Maria Bach Laursen, Julie S Bødker, Malene K Kjeldsen, Alexander Schmitz, Mette Nyegaard, Hans Erik Johnsen and Martin Bøgsted
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Liver transplantation is a treatment option for combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma (cHCC-CC) but its prognostic significance remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the therap...

    Authors: Di Wu, Zhong-Yang Shen, Ya-Min Zhang, Jian Wang, Hong Zheng, Yong-Lin Deng and Cheng Pan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2015 15:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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