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  1. In the analysis of survival data for cancer patients, the problem of competing risks is often ignored. Competing risks have been recognized as a special case of time-to-event analysis. The conventional techniq...

    Authors: Yen-Hou Chang, Wai-Hou Li, Yi Chang, Chia-Wen Peng, Ching-Hsuan Cheng, Wei-Pin Chang and Chi-Mu Chuang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. To improve adherence to physical activity (PA), behavioural support in the form of behavioural change counselling may be necessary. However, limited evidence of the effectiveness of home-based PA combined with...

    Authors: Ian M. Lahart, George S. Metsios, Alan M. Nevill, George D. Kitas and Amtul R. Carmichael
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Systemic chemotherapy combined with steroids used as prophylactic antiemetics have been reported to induce immunosuppression. Further, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection has been reported to occur in pat...

    Authors: Masaaki Saito, Hirokazu Kiyozaki, Tamotu Obitsu, Hirofumi Imoto, Yusuke Taniyama, Osamu Takata and Toshiki Rikiyama
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:233
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  4. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is an autosomal dominant tumor susceptibility syndrome, and the disease-related gene has been identified as fumarate hydratase (fumarase, FH). HLRCC-asso...

    Authors: Takao Kamai, Hideyuki Abe, Kyoko Arai, Satoshi Murakami, Setsu Sakamoto, Yasushi Kaji and Ken-Ichiro Yoshida
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:232
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  5. To compare the effects of resistance training versus passive physical therapy on bone turnover markers (BTM) in the metastatic bone during radiation therapy (RT) in patients with spinal bone metastases. Second...

    Authors: Harald Rief, Georg Omlor, Michael Akbar, Thomas Bruckner, Stefan Rieken, Robert Förster, Ingmar Schlampp, Thomas Welzel, Tilman Bostel, Heinz Jürgen Roth and Jürgen Debus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAE) has been employed to improve surgical outcomes for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers in postmenopausal women. Endocrine responsiveness is estimated by expressions of ...

    Authors: Takayuki Ueno, Shigehira Saji, Masahiro Sugimoto, Norikazu Masuda, Katsumasa Kuroi, Nobuaki Sato, Hiroyuki Takei, Yutaka Yamamoto, Shinji Ohno, Hiroko Yamashita, Kazufumi Hisamatsu, Kenjiro Aogi, Hiroji Iwata, Shigeru Imoto, Hironobu Sasano and Masakazu Toi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. 8000 cases of renal cancer are diagnosed each year in the UK, with a five-year survival rate of 50 %. Treatment options are limited; a potential therapeutic target is the Src family kinases (SFKs). SFKs have r...

    Authors: Antonia K. Roseweir, Tahir Qayyum, Zhi Lim, Rachel Hammond, Alasdair I. MacDonald, Sioban Fraser, Grenville M. Oades, Michael Aitchison, Robert J. Jones and Joanne Edwards
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The low survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is partly attributable to its resistance to existing chemotherapeutic agents. Until now, there have been limited chemotherapeutic agents for liver cancer...

    Authors: Yan Li, Russell W. Farmer, Yingbin Yang and Robert C. G. Martin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing the risk of thyroid cancer (TC). Most cancer predisposition genes identified through GWASs fun...

    Authors: Hauke Thomsen, Bowang Chen, Gisella Figlioli, Rossella Elisei, Cristina Romei, Monica Cipollini, Alfonso Cristaudo, Franco Bambi, Per Hoffmann, Stefan Herms, Stefano Landi, Kari Hemminki, Federica Gemignani and Asta Försti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs is recognized as one of the major pathways for the control of cellular homeostasis. Less well understood is the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of genes e...

    Authors: Erandi Ayala-Ortega, Rodrigo Arzate-Mejía, Rosario Pérez-Molina, Edgar González-Buendía, Karin Meier, Georgina Guerrero and Félix Recillas-Targa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. A large number of epigenetic alterations has been found to be implicated in the etiology of gastric cancer. We have studied the DNA methylation status of 27 500 gene promoter regions in 24 gastric adenocarcino...

    Authors: Lars Lohne Eftang, Jovana Klajic, Vessela N. Kristensen, Jörg Tost, Qin Ying Esbensen, Gustav Peter Blom, Ida Rashida Khan Bukholm and Geir Bukholm
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:225
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. EGFR mutation-induced cell proliferation causes changes in tumor biology and tumor metabolism, which may reflect tumor marker concentration and 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT. Direct aspirates of primary lung tumors...

    Authors: Arthur Cho, Jin Hur, Yong Wha Moon, Sae Rom Hong, Young Joo Suh, Yun Jung Kim, Dong Jin Im, Yoo Jin Hong, Hye-Jeong Lee, Young Jin Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Jae Seok Lee, Joo-Hang Kim and Byoung Wook Choi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucially involved in the regulation of multiple stages of cancer progression. Elevated MMP levels have been associated with the development of metastases and poor prognosi...

    Authors: Pierre Kunz, Heiner Sähr, Burkhard Lehner, Christian Fischer, Elisabeth Seebach and Jörg Fellenberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Nephrotoxicity is the major side effect that limits the dose of cisplatin that can be safely administered, and it is a clinical problem in cancer patients who received cisplatin combination chemotherapy. Recen...

    Authors: Ko Sato, Satoshi Watanabe, Aya Ohtsubo, Satoshi Shoji, Daisuke Ishikawa, Tomohiro Tanaka, Koichiro Nozaki, Rie Kondo, Masaaki Okajima, Satoru Miura, Junta Tanaka, Takuro Sakagami, Toshiyuki Koya, Hiroshi Kagamu, Hirohisa Yoshizawa and Ichiei Narita
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. High coverage and attendance is essential for cervical cancer screening success. We investigated whether the previous positive experiences on increasing screening attendance by self-sampling in Finland are sam...

    Authors: Liisa Karjalainen, Ahti Anttila, Pekka Nieminen, Tapio Luostarinen and Anni Virtanen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:221
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Nanomedicine is a very promising field and nanomedical drugs have recently been used as therapeutic agents against cancer. In a previous study, we showed that Nanoceria (NCe), nanoparticles of cerium oxide, si...

    Authors: Miriana Hijaz, Soumen Das, Ismail Mert, Ankur Gupta, Zaid Al-Wahab, Calvin Tebbe, Sajad Dar, Jasdeep Chhina, Shailendra Giri, Adnan Munkarah, Sudipta Seal and Ramandeep Rattan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Array CGH analysis of breast tumors has contributed to the identification of different genomic profiles in these tumors. Loss of DNA repair by BRCA1 functional deficiency in breast cancer has been proposed as ...

    Authors: Carolina Alvarez, Andrés Aravena, Teresa Tapia, Ester Rozenblum, Luisa Solís, Alejandro Corvalán, Mauricio Camus, Manuel Alvarez, David Munroe, Alejandro Maass and Pilar Carvallo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is prevalent in South East Asia and Southern China particularly, despite the reported 5-year survival ratio is relative higher than other deadly cancers such as liver, renal, pan...

    Authors: Man Niu, Dan Gao, Qiuyuan Wen, Pingpin Wei, Suming Pan, Cijun Shuai, Huiling Ma, Juanjuan Xiang, Zheng Li, Songqing Fan, Guiyuan Li and Shuping Peng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. To retrospectively assess the efficacy and safety of Vinflunine (VFL) under routine conditions and identify overall survival (OS) prognostic factors.

    Authors: Jacques Médioni, Mario Di Palma, Aline Guillot, Dominique Spaeth and Christine Théodore
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:217
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The role of remission status in limited disease (LD) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains to be finally clarified.

    Authors: Farkhad Manapov, Maximilian Niyazi, Sabine Gerum, Olarn Roengvoraphoj, Chukwuka Eze, Minglun Li, Guido Hildebrandt, Rainer Fietkau, Gunther Klautke and Claus Belka
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Expression of the microRNA miR-21 has been found to be altered in almost all types of cancers and it has been classified as an oncogenic microRNA or oncomir. Due to the critical functions of its target protein...

    Authors: Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza, Jessica Deas, Angélica Meneses-Acosta, Faustino De la O-Gómez, Gloria Fernández-Tilapa, Claudia Gómez-Cerón, Odelia Benítez-Boijseauneau, Ana Burguete-García, Kirvis Torres-Poveda, Victor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Vicente Madrid-Marina, Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes, Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda and Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Significant progress in treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been made. Biomarkers to tailor therapy are scarce. To facilitate decision-making we evaluated dynamic changes o...

    Authors: Phillip Mikah, Laura-Maria Krabbe, Okyaz Eminaga, Edwin Herrmann, Philipp Papavassilis, Reemt Hinkelammert, Axel Semjonow, Andres-Jan Schrader and Martin Boegemann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Changes in the number of alleles of a chromosome may have an impact upon gene expression. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) indicates that one allele of a gene has been lost, and knowing the exact copy number of th...

    Authors: Peter Zauber, Stephen Marotta and Marlene Sabbath-Solitare
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Studies examining the association between alcohol intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer have given inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to summarize and examine the evidence regarding the ass...

    Authors: Ye-Tao Wang, Ya-Wen Gou, Wen-Wen Jin, Mei Xiao and Hua-Ying Fang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. To investigate whether genetic variants of the HBV receptor gene NTCP are associated with HBV infection in the Han Chinese population.

    Authors: Jingmin Yang, Yuan Yang, Mingying Xia, Lianghui Wang, Weiping Zhou, Yajun Yang, Yueming Jiang, Hongyang Wang, Ji Qian, Li Jin and Xiaofeng Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Despite reported discordance between the mutational status of primary lung cancers and their metastases, metastatic sites are rarely biopsied and targeted therapy is guided by genetic biomarkers detected in th...

    Authors: Gilles Quéré, Renaud Descourt, Gilles Robinet, Sandrine Autret, Odile Raguenes, Brigitte Fercot, Pierre Alemany, Arnaud Uguen, Claude Férec, Isabelle Quintin-Roué and Gérald Le Gac
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:210
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. It remains a matter of debate whether colorectal cancer resection in an emergency setting negatively impacts on survival. Our objective was therefore to assess the impact of urgent versus elective operation on...

    Authors: Benjamin Weixler, Rene Warschkow, Michaela Ramser, Raoul Droeser, Urs von Holzen, Daniel Oertli and Christoph Kettelhack
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, has complex roles in tumourigenesis and resistance to cancer treatment in humans. The aim of this study was to explore the expression levels of autophagy-related prot...

    Authors: Byoung Yong Shim, Der Sheng Sun, Hye Sung Won, Myung Ah Lee, Soon Uk Hong, Ji-Han Jung, Hyeon-Min Cho and Yoon Ho Ko
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. A previous proteomics study demonstrated the overexpression of F-actin capping protein subunit beta (CAPZB) in tissue specimens of epithelioid sarcoma (EpiS). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the ...

    Authors: Kenta Mukaihara, Yoshiyuki Suehara, Shinji Kohsaka, Daisuke Kubota, Midori Toda-Ishii, Keisuke Akaike, Tsutomu Fujimura, Eisuke Kobayashi, Takashi Yao, Marc Ladanyi, Kazuo Kaneko and Tsuyoshi Saito
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The dynamic changes that occur in protein expression after treatment of a cancer in vivo are poorly described. In this study we measure the effect of chemotherapy over time on the expression of a panel of prot...

    Authors: Antonis Koussounadis, Simon P. Langdon, Inhwa Um, Charlene Kay, Kyle E. Francis, David J. Harrison and V. Anne Smith
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Breast cancer incidence and mortality vary significantly among different nations and racial groups. African nations have the highest breast cancer mortality rates in the world, even though the incidence rates ...

    Authors: Rispah T. Sawe, Maggie Kerper, Sunil Badve, Jun Li, Mayra Sandoval-Cooper, Jingmeng Xie, Zonggao Shi, Kirtika Patel, David Chumba, Ayub Ofulla, Jenifer Prosperi, Katherine Taylor, M. Sharon Stack, Simeon Mining and Laurie E. Littlepage
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients often develop thromboembolic events, including cerebral infarction (CI). However, the relationship between advanced NSCLC and CI has not been thoroughly inv...

    Authors: Motoyasu Kato, Takehito Shukuya, Keita Mori, Ryota Kanemaru, Yuichiro Honma, Yuta Nanjo, Keiko Muraki, Rina Shibayama, Ryo Koyama, Naoko Shimada, Fumiyuki Takahashi and Kazuhisa Takahashi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:203
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Physical activity reduces risk for numerous negative health outcomes, but postmenopausal breast cancer survivors do not reach recommended levels. Many interventions encourage self-monitoring of steps, which ca...

    Authors: Elizabeth J. Lyons, Tom Baranowski, Karen M. Basen-Engquist, Zakkoyya H. Lewis, Maria C. Swartz, Kristofer Jennings and Elena Volpi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:202
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  35. The postoperative typing of thyroid lesions, which is instrumental in adequate patient treatment, is currently based on histologic examination. However, it depends on pathologist’s qualification and can be dif...

    Authors: Sergei E. Titov, Mikhail K. Ivanov, Elena V. Karpinskaya, Elena V. Tsivlikova, Sergei P. Shevchenko, Yulia A. Veryaskina, Larisa G. Akhmerova, Tatiana L. Poloz, Olesya A. Klimova, Lyudmila F. Gulyaeva, Igor F. Zhimulev and Nikolay N. Kolesnikov
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. “Biomarker-driven targeted therapy,” the practice of tailoring patients’ treatment to the expression/activity levels of disease-specific genes/proteins, remains challenging. For example, while the anti-ERBB2 m...

    Authors: Hae Ryung Chang, Hee Seo Park, Young Zoo Ahn, Seungyoon Nam, Hae Rim Jung, Sungjin Park, Sang Jin Lee, Curt Balch, Garth Powis, Ja-Lok Ku and Yon Hui Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic acid (α-TEA) is a semi-synthetic derivative of naturally occurring vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) that can be delivered via an oral route. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo data demonstr...

    Authors: Bella S. Guerrouahen, Tobias Hahn, Zefora Alderman, Brendan Curti, Walter Urba and Emmanuel T. Akporiaye
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Currently available chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) survival reports have originated from more affluent countries. Herein we report the entire country data on incidence and survival of CML, as well as penetran...

    Authors: Tumas Beinortas, Ilma Tavorienė, Tadas Žvirblis, Rolandas Gerbutavičius, Mindaugas Jurgutis and Laimonas Griškevičius
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The efficacy of combined modality therapy is evaluated for patients with extensive-stage (ES) small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study evaluated prognostic factors affecting the risk of thoracic progression i...

    Authors: Tomoya Fukui, Michiko Itabashi, Mikiko Ishihara, Yasuhiro Hiyoshi, Masashi Kasajima, Satoshi Igawa, Jiichiro Sasaki and Noriyuki Masuda
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. With improvements in treatment of cancer, more men of fertile age are survivors of cancer. This study evaluates trends in birth rates among male cancer survivors and mortality rates of their offspring.

    Authors: Siau-Wei Tang, Jenny Liu, Lester Juay, Kamila Czene, Hui Miao, Agus Salim, Helena M Verkooijen and Mikael Hartman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Ampullary cancer is a relatively rare form of cancer and usually treated by pancreatoduodenectomy, followed by adjuvant therapy. The intestinal subtype is associated with markedly improved prognosis after rese...

    Authors: Zon Weng Lai, Louisa Bolm, Hannah Fuellgraf, Martin L. Biniossek, Frank Makowiec, Ulrich Theodor Hopt, Martin Werner, Tobias Keck, Dirk Bausch, Claudio Sorio, Aldo Scarpa, Oliver Schilling, Peter Bronsert and Ulrich Friedrich Wellner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Intratumor heterogeneity may be responsible of the unpredictable aggressive clinical behavior that some clear cell renal cell carcinomas display. This clinical uncertainty may be caused by insufficient samplin...

    Authors: Laura Zaldumbide, Asier Erramuzpe, Rosa Guarch, Rafael Pulido, Jesús M. Cortés and José I. López
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Radiation therapy is the method of choice for subjects with inoperable salivary gland malignancies. I-125 brachytherapy, delivering a high radiation dose to a tumor but sparing surrounding normal tissues, is s...

    Authors: Shu-Ming Liu, Hai-Bo Wang, Yan Sun, Yan Shi, Jie Zhang, Ming-Wei Huang, Lei Zheng, Xiao-Ming Lv, Bao-Min Zheng, Kathleen H. Reilly, Xiao-Yan Yan, Ping Ji, Yang-feng Wu and Jian-Guo Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:193
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  44. The radiation field for patients with postoperative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is narrower in our institution than in Western countries to reduce late radiation related toxicities. This strategy is ...

    Authors: Naoya Murakami, Fumihiko Matsumoto, Seiichi Yoshimoto, Yoshinori Ito, Taisuke Mori, Takao Ueno, Keisuke Tuchida, Tairo Kashihara, Kazuma Kobayashi, Ken Harada, Mayuka Kitaguchi, Shuhei Sekii, Rei Umezawa, Kana Takahashi, Koji Inaba, Hiroshi Igaki…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. It is overexpressed in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), which is aggressive and usually triple-negative,...

    Authors: Eugene Kim, Hanna Maja Tunset, Jana Cebulla, Riyas Vettukattil, Heidi Helgesen, Astrid Jullumstrø Feuerherm, Olav Engebråten, Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo, Berit Johansen and Siver Andreas Moestue
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex is well known for its crucial role in initiating DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) repair pathways to resistant irradiation (IR) injury and thus facilitating radioresistance wh...

    Authors: Lihong Chang, Jiancong Huang, Kai Wang, Jingjia Li, Ruicheng Yan, Ling Zhu, Jin Ye, Xifu Wu, Shimin Zhuang, Daqing Li and Gehua Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Alcohol consumption is one of the major risk factors for colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism involved in this effect of alcohol is unknown.

    Authors: Pradeep K. Shukla, Kamaljit K. Chaudhry, Hina Mir, Ruchika Gangwar, Nikki Yadav, Bhargavi Manda, Avtar S. Meena and RadhaKrishna Rao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. While the deregulation of iron homeostasis in breast epithelial cells is acknowledged, iron-related alterations in stromal inflammatory cells from the tumor microenvironment have not been explored.

    Authors: Oriana Marques, Graça Porto, Alexandra Rêma, Fátima Faria, Arnaud Cruz Paula, Maria Gomez-Lazaro, Paula Silva, Berta Martins da Silva and Carlos Lopes
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. There is no reliable biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients who undergo radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Recent studies have shown that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could function...

    Authors: Takashi Kawahara, Kazuhiro Furuya, Manami Nakamura, Kentaro Sakamaki, Kimito Osaka, Hiroki Ito, Yusuke Ito, Koji Izumi, Shinji Ohtake, Yasuhide Miyoshi, Kazuhide Makiyama, Noboru Nakaigawa, Takeharu Yamanaka, Hiroshi Miyamoto, Masahiro Yao and Hiroji Uemura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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