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  1. Recent large trials have shown the survival benefits of 10-year use of tamoxifen by reducing late recurrence compared with 5-year therapy in estrogen receptor(ER)-positive breast cancer. We tried to identify c...

    Authors: Eun-Shin Lee, Wonshik Han, Min Kyoon Kim, Jongjin Kim, Tae-kyung Yoo, Moo Hyun Lee, Kyung Hun Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Seock-Ah Im, Dong-Young Noh and Eun Sook Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:430
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Sorafenib is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor with a demonstrated activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it is currently used for the treatment of these pathologies. On...

    Authors: Andrea Casadei Gardini, Elisa Chiadini, Luca Faloppi, Giorgia Marisi, Angelo Delmonte, Mario Scartozzi, Cristian Loretelli, Alessandro Lucchesi, Devil Oboldi, Alessandra Dubini, Giovanni Luca Frassineti and Paola Ulivi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:429
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) prognosis is highly variable, depending on various factors such as the biological subtype, the performance status, disease extension…. A better evaluation of a patient’s prognost...

    Authors: Amélie Darlix, Pierre-Jean Lamy, Evelyne Lopez-Crapez, Antoine Laurent Braccini, Nelly Firmin, Gilles Romieu, Simon Thezenas and William Jacot
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:428
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Multiple myeloma, the second most common haematological cancer, remains incurable. Its incidence is rising due to population ageing. Despite the impact of the disease and its treatment, not much is known on wh...

    Authors: Christina Ramsenthaler, Thomas R. Osborne, Wei Gao, Richard J. Siegert, Polly M. Edmonds, Stephen A. Schey and Irene J. Higginson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:427
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Radiofrequency radiation in the frequency range 30 kHz–300 GHz was evaluated to be Group 2B, i.e. ‘possibly’ carcinogenic to humans, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) at WHO in May 2011...

    Authors: Michael Carlberg, Lena Hedendahl, Mikko Ahonen, Tarmo Koppel and Lennart Hardell
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:426
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide. Recent studies have identified cancer-initiating cells (CICs) as a subgroup of replication-competent cells in the development of colorect...

    Authors: Kishan Bellamkonda, Naveen Kumar Chandrashekar, Janina Osman, Benson Chellakkan Selvanesan, Sayeh Savari and Anita Sjölander
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:425
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Several staging systems have been developed to evaluate patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including the China Staging System (CS), the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor-node-metastasi...

    Authors: Lihui Su, Tao Zhou, Zongli Zhang, Xiuguo Zhang, Xuting Zhi, Caixia Li, Qingliang Wang, Chongqi Jia, Wenna Shi, Yanqiu Yue, Yanjing Gao and Baoquan Cheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:424
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) plays a crucial role in cancer progression, which is regulated by the interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1) and up-streaming Akt activatio...

    Authors: Xiaohong Yang, En Luo, Xin Liu, Bin Han, Xiaoping Yu and Xiaoli Peng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:423
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The new modalities for treating patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for whom BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) has failed or is contraindicated are recently increasing due to the development of ...

    Authors: Patrick Vianna Garcia, Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva, Amanda Pocol Carniato, Wilson de Mello Júnior, Nelson Duran, Alda Maria Macedo, Alexandre Gabarra de Oliveira, Rok Romih, Iseu da Silva Nunes, Odilon da Silva Nunes and Wagner José Fávaro
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:422
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Data from providers of private cancer care are not yet formally included in English cancer registration data. This study aimed to test the exchange of breast cancer data from one Hospital Corporation of Americ...

    Authors: Elizabeth A. Davies, Victoria H. Coupland, Steve Dixon, Kefah Mokbel and Ruth H. Jack
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:421
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Ertumaxomab (ertu) is a bispecific, trifunctional antibody targeting Her2/neu, CD3 and the Fcγ-receptors I, IIa, and III forming a tri-cell complex between tumor cell, T cell and accessory cells.

    Authors: N. Haense, A. Atmaca, C. Pauligk, K. Steinmetz, F. Marmé, G. M. Haag, M. Rieger, O. G. Ottmann, P. Ruf, H. Lindhofer and S.-E. Al-Batran
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:420
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Metastatic progression of breast cancer involves phenotypic plasticity of the carcinoma cells moving between epithelial and mesenchymal behaviors. During metastatic seeding and dormancy, even highly aggressive...

    Authors: Min Yang, Bo Ma, Hanshuang Shao, Amanda M. Clark and Alan Wells
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:419
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Cancer-cachexia state frequently induces both fat and protein wasting, leading to death. In this way, the knowledge of the mechanism of drugs and their side effects can be a new feature to treat and to have su...

    Authors: André G. Oliveira and Maria Cristina C. Gomes-Marcondes
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:418
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Pemetrexed is widely used for the treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, factors that can predict the benefits of pemetrexed therapy have not yet been defined.

    Authors: Sojung Park, Hyun Jung Kim, Chang–Min Choi, Dae Ho Lee, Sang–We Kim, Jung–Shin Lee, Woo Sung Kim, Se Hoon Choi, Jin Kyung Rho and Jae Cheol Lee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:417
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The mass colorectal cancer screening program was implemented in 2008 in France, targeting 16 million French people aged between 50 and 74. The current adhesion is insufficient and the participation rate is eve...

    Authors: C. Allary, A. Bourmaud, F. Tinquaut, M. Oriol, J. Kalecinski, V. Dutertre, N. Lechopier, M. Pommier, Y. Benoist, S. Rousseau, V. Regnier, V. Buthion and F. Chauvin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:416
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  16. We previously demonstrated that hsa-miR-520d-5p can convert cancer cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via a demethylation process and p53 upregulation in vivo. A...

    Authors: Yoshitaka Ishihara, Satoshi Tsuno, Satoshi Kuwamoto, Taro Yamashita, Yusuke Endo, Keigo Miura, Yugo Miura, Takemasa Sato, Junichi Hasegawa and Norimasa Miura
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:415
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2017 17:666

  17. Mammographic density is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer. We investigated the association between three different methods of measuring density or parenchymal pattern/texture on digitized film-b...

    Authors: Rikke Rass Winkel, My von Euler-Chelpin, Mads Nielsen, Kersten Petersen, Martin Lillholm, Michael Bachmann Nielsen, Elsebeth Lynge, Wei Yao Uldall and Ilse Vejborg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:414
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and model the probability of melanoma-specific death and competing causes of death for patients with melanoma by competing risk analysis, and to build competing ri...

    Authors: Weidong Shen, Naoko Sakamoto and Limin Yang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:413
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Randomized trials have shown a survival benefit for regorafenib over placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) that progressed after standard therapies. We evaluated survival and safety outc...

    Authors: Antoine Adenis, Christelle de la Fouchardiere, Bernard Paule, Pascal Burtin, David Tougeron, Jennifer Wallet, Louis-Marie Dourthe, Pierre-Luc Etienne, Laurent Mineur, Stéphanie Clisant, Jean-Marc Phelip, Andrew Kramar and Thierry Andre
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:412
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2016 16:518

  20. Detecting superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by endoscopy is challenging because of limited morphological hallmarks, and iodine cannot be applied to head and neck lesions due to severe m...

    Authors: Takeshi Mizushima, Shunsuke Ohnishi, Yuichi Shimizu, Yutaka Hatanaka, Kanako C. Hatanaka, Hidetaka Hosono, Yoshimasa Kubota, Mitsuteru Natsuizaka, Mako Kamiya, Shouko Ono, Akihiro Homma, Mototsugu Kato, Naoya Sakamoto and Yasuteru Urano
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:411
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Chaoshan region, a littoral area of Guangdong province in southern China, has a high incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). At present, the prognosis of ESCC is still very poor, therefore, the...

    Authors: Zhijin Lei, Dongping Tian, Chong Zhang, Shukun Zhao and Min Su
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:410
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is involved in lung diseases such as pneumonia, asthma and lung cancer. Lavage mirrors the local environment, and may provide insights into the presence and role of IL-22 in patients.

    Authors: Amanda Tufman, Rudolf Maria Huber, Stefanie Völk, Frederic Aigner, Martin Edelmann, Fernando Gamarra, Rosemarie Kiefl, Kathrin Kahnert, Fei Tian, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Stefan Endres and Sebastian Kobold
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:409
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Uveal melanoma patients with a poor prognosis can be detected through genetic analysis of the tumor, which has a very high sensitivity. A large number of patients with uveal melanoma decide to receive informat...

    Authors: Yesim Erim, Jennifer Scheel, Anja Breidenstein, Claudia HD Metz, Dietmar Lohmann, Hans-Christoph Friederich and Sefik Tagay
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:408
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  24. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer in USA and the second leading cause of cancer death in Western Countries. Despite the high mortality associated with PCa, the only established risk fact...

    Authors: Cosimo De Nunzio, Giuseppe Simone, Aldo Brassetti, Riccardo Mastroianni, Devis Collura, Giovanni Muto, Michele Gallucci and Andrea Tubaro
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:407
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Approximately 50 % of gastric adenocarcinomas belong to a molecular subgroup characterised by chromosomal instability and a strong association with the intestinal histological subtype. This subgroup typically ...

    Authors: Eva-Maria Birkman, Annika Ålgars, Minnamaija Lintunen, Raija Ristamäki, Jari Sundström and Olli Carpén
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:406
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The number of Nigerian men presenting with benign prostatic hyperplasia is on the rise because of increase awareness about the ailment. With the renewed effort by the national health insurance scheme to cover ...

    Authors: Emeka I. Udeh, Chimaobi G. Ofoha, David A. Adewole and Ikenna I. Nnabugwu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:405
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Eribulin is a non-taxane, microtubule dynamics inhibitor that increases survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Although eribulin is well tolerated in patients with heavily pretreated disease, erib...

    Authors: Takayuki Kobayashi, Jyunichi Tomomatsu, Ippei Fukada, Tomoko Shibayama, Natsuki Teruya, Yoshinori Ito, Takuji Iwase, Shinji Ohno and Shunji Takahashi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:404
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The adjuvant treatment for patients with isolated stromal invasion after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in FIGO stage IB1 and IIA1 cervical carcinoma has not been established. Thi...

    Authors: Lei Li, XiaoYan Song, RuoNan Liu, Nan Li, Ye Zhang, Yan Cheng, HongTu Chao and LiYing Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:403
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Whether excess body weight influences colorectal cancer (CRC) survival is unclear. We studied pre-diagnostic body mass index (BMI) and weight change in relation to CRC-specific mortality among incident CRC cas...

    Authors: Ida Laake, Inger K. Larsen, Randi Selmer, Inger Thune and Marit B. Veierød
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:402
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Recently, the prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in primary breast cancer as assessed using the Food-and-Drug-Administration-approved CellSearch® system has been demonstrated. Here, we e...

    Authors: Julia Jueckstock, Brigitte Rack, Thomas W. P. Friedl, Christoph Scholz, Julia Steidl, Elisabeth Trapp, Hans Tesch, Helmut Forstbauer, Ralf Lorenz, Mahdi Rezai, Lothar Häberle, Marianna Alunni-Fabbroni, Andreas Schneeweiss, Matthias W. Beckmann, Werner Lichtenegger, Peter A. Fasching…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:401
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations that activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway have been observed in several types of carcinoma and have been associated...

    Authors: Kazuto Harada, Yoshifumi Baba, Hironobu Shigaki, Takatsugu Ishimoto, Keisuke Miyake, Keisuke Kosumi, Ryuma Tokunaga, Daisuke Izumi, Mayuko Ohuchi, Kenichi Nakamura, Yuki Kiyozumi, Junji Kurashige, Masaaki Iwatsuki, Yuji Miyamoto, Yasuo Sakamoto, Naoya Yoshida…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:400
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Increased numbers and improperly positioned centrosomes, aneuploidy or polyploidy, and chromosomal instability are frequently observed characteristics of cancer cells. While some aspects of these events and th...

    Authors: Nina Schmidt, Inga Irle, Kamilla Ripkens, Vanda Lux, Jasmin Nelles, Christian Johannes, Lee Parry, Kirsty Greenow, Sarah Amir, Mara Campioni, Alfonso Baldi, Chio Oka, Masashi Kawaichi, Alan R. Clarke and Michael Ehrmann
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:399
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. MammaTyper is a novel CE-marked in vitro diagnostic RT-qPCR assay which assigns routinely processed breast cancer specimens into the molecular subtypes Luminal A-like, Luminal B-like (HER2 positive or negative),

    Authors: Mark Laible, Kornelia Schlombs, Katharina Kaiser, Elke Veltrup, Stefanie Herlein, Sotiris Lakis, Robert Stöhr, Sebastian Eidt, Arndt Hartmann, Ralph M. Wirtz and Ugur Sahin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:398
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  34. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs, down regulate immunity and promote tumor cell growth by directly suppressing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Alternatively they can promote tumor growth ...

    Authors: Yang Yu, Run Huang, Xiangyun Zong, Xiangming He and Wenju Mo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:397
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a simple marker of the systemic inflammatory response, has been demonstrated to correlate with patient outcomes for various solid malignancies. We investigated the uti...

    Authors: Jun Kasuga, Takashi Kawahara, Daiji Takamoto, Sachi Fukui, Takashi Tokita, Tomoyuki Tadenuma, Masaki Narahara, Syusei Fusayasu, Hideyuki Terao, Koji Izumi, Hiroki Ito, Yusuke Hattori, Jun-ichi Teranishi, Takeshi Sasaki, Kazuhide Makiyama, Yasuhide Miyoshi…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:396
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The nature of the association between occupational social prestige, social mobility, and risk of lung cancer remains uncertain. Using data from the international pooled SYNERGY case–control study, we studied t...

    Authors: Thomas Behrens, Isabelle Groß, Jack Siemiatycki, David I. Conway, Ann Olsson, Isabelle Stücker, Florence Guida, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Hermann Pohlabeln, Wolfgang Ahrens, Irene Brüske, Heinz-Erich Wichmann, Per Gustavsson, Dario Consonni, Franco Merletti, Lorenzo Richiardi…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:395
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We previously demonstrated glycogen synthase kinase-3β...

    Authors: Hiromi Ito, Osamu Ichiyanagi, Sei Naito, Vladimir N. Bilim, Yoshihiko Tomita, Tomoyuki Kato, Akira Nagaoka and Norihiko Tsuchiya
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:393
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Multiple new targeted agents have been developed for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) – positive breast cancer. Patients with HER2– positive breast cancer will develop brain m...

    Authors: Koichi Mitsuya, Junichiro Watanabe, Yoko Nakasu, Nakamasa Hayashi, Hideyuki Harada and Ichiro Ito
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:391
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  41. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare idiopathic disorder that occurs in women of childbearing age, and consists of a diffuse proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells along the thoracic and abdominal l...

    Authors: Kensuke Suzuki, Kazunori Nagasaka, Katsutoshi Oda, Hiroyuki Abe, Daichi Maeda, Yoko Matsumoto, Takahide Arimoto, Kei Kawana, Masashi Fukayama, Yutaka Osuga and Tomoyuki Fujii
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:390
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  42. The lack of positive costimulatory molecules represents one of the mechanisms by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance. Promoter hypermethylation plays a major role in cancer development through transcri...

    Authors: Marco Scarpa, Melania Scarpa, Ignazio Castagliuolo, Francesca Erroi, Silvia Basato, Paola Brun, Imerio Angriman and Carlo Castoro
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:388
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Deterioration in bone health is one of the presenting symptoms of Multiple Myeloma (MM), a cancer of plasma cells. As a consequence of this condition, patients suffer bone pain and bone damage and report cance...

    Authors: M. Heinrich, A. Fisher, B. Paton, O. McCourt, R. J. Beeken, A. Hackshaw, J. Wardle and K. Yong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:387
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  45. Bone metastasis is relatively uncommon in gastric cancer patients, but its incidence has been rising. Early detection of bone metastasis is important in preventing complications related to bone metastasis such...

    Authors: Sun Min Lim, Youn Nam Kim, Ki Hyun Park, Beodeul Kang, Hong Jae Chon, Chan Kim, Joo Hoon Kim and Sun Young Rha
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:385
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Cetuximab is a commonly used antibody agent in the treatment of colorectal or head and neck cancer. Although it is generally well tolerated in most patients, cetuximab has been associated with some rare but se...

    Authors: Christophe Maritaz, Carole Metz, Nabil Baba-Hamed, Méryam Jardin-Szucs and Gaël Deplanque
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:384
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  47. Better insights into the molecular changes involved in virus-associated and -independent head and neck cancer may advance our knowledge of HNC carcinogenesis and identify critical disease biomarkers. Here we a...

    Authors: Zuzana Vojtechova, Ivan Sabol, Martina Salakova, Jana Smahelova, Jiri Zavadil, Lubomir Turek, Marek Grega, Jan Klozar, Bohumir Prochazka and Ruth Tachezy
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:382
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Expression of the androgen receptor (AR) is associated with androgen-dependent proliferation arrest and terminal differentiation of normal prostate epithelial cells. Additionally, activation of the AR is requi...

    Authors: Jan Roger Olsen, Waqas Azeem, Margrete Reime Hellem, Kristo Marvyin, Yaping Hua, Yi Qu, Lisha Li, Biaoyang Lin, XI-Song Ke, Anne Margrete Øyan and Karl-Henning Kalland
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:377
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare. Given the paucity of randomized trials, treatment is generally extrapolated from female breast cancer guidelines.

    Authors: Piera Gargiulo, Matilde Pensabene, Monica Milano, Grazia Arpino, Mario Giuliano, Valeria Forestieri, Caterina Condello, Rossella Lauria and Sabino De Placido
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2016 16:375
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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