Epidemiology, prevention and public health

Childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for cancer: findings from a population-based survey of Canadian adults

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is an established risk factor for various mental and substance use disorders. This study adds to existing evidence that CM may also be a risk factor for cancer.

Authors: Wendy E. Hovdestad, Margot Shields, Amanda Shaw and Lil Tonmyr

Women’s knowledge of and attitudes toward cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening in Zanzibar, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women in Tanzania. Knowledge of and willingness to receive a cervical cancer screening are important determinants of preven...

Authors: Qiao Weng, Jie Jiang, Fatma Mrisho Haji, Lamlet Hassan Nondo and Huaijun Zhou

Comorbidity prevalence among cancer patients: a population-based cohort study of four cancers

The presence of comorbidity affects the care of cancer patients, many of whom are living with multiple comorbidities. The prevalence of cancer comorbidity, beyond summary metrics, is not well known. This study...

Authors: Helen Fowler, Aurelien Belot, Libby Ellis, Camille Maringe, Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez, Edmund Njeru Njagi, Neal Navani, Diana Sarfati and Bernard Rachet

The relative risk of second primary cancers in Switzerland: a population-based retrospective cohort study

More people than ever before are currently living with a diagnosis of cancer and the number of people concerned is likely to continue to rise. Cancer survivors are at risk of developing a second primary cancer...

Authors: Anita Feller, Katarina L. Matthes, Andrea Bordoni, Christine Bouchardy, Jean-Luc Bulliard, Christian Herrmann, Isabelle Konzelmann, Manuela Maspoli, Mohsen Mousavi, Sabine Rohrmann, Katharina Staehelin and Volker Arndt

Improving management of comorbidity in patients with colorectal cancer using comprehensive medical assessment: a pilot study

Screening for and active management of comorbidity soon after cancer diagnosis shows promise in altering cancer treatment and outcomes for comorbid patients. Prior to a large multi-centre study, piloting of th...

Authors: Virginia Signal, Christopher Jackson, Louise Signal, Claire Hardie, Kirsten Holst, Marie McLaughlin, Courtney Steele and Diana Sarfati

Space-time clustering of childhood leukemia in Colombia: a nationwide study

Leukemia is the most common cancer in childhood. The estimated incidence rate of childhood leukemia in Colombia is one of the highest in America and little is known about its spatial distribution.

Authors: Laura Andrea Rodriguez-Villamizar, Marcela Pilar Rojas Díaz, Lizbeth Alexandra Acuña Merchán, Feisar Enrique Moreno-Corzo and Paula Ramírez-Barbosa

GC-PROM: validation of a patient-reported outcomes measure for Chinese patients with gastric cancer

There is increasing recognition that PROs are important in the estimation of the burden of long-term survival among patients with gastric cancer. The study aimed to develop a disease-specific instrument to ass...

Authors: Xiaojuan Hu, Fen Zhao, Hongmei Yu, Yanhong Luo, Jinchun Liu and Yanbo Zhang

Childhood cancer incidence and survival trends in Estonia (1970–2016): a nationwide population-based study

Childhood cancers represent a small proportion of all cancers but are still a major public health problem. The study analysed long-term trends in childhood cancer incidence and survival in Estonia in relation ...

Authors: Keiu Paapsi, Aleksei Baburin, Sirje Mikkel, Margit Mägi, Kadri Saks and Kaire Innos

AJCC 8th edition prognostic staging provides no better discriminatory ability in prognosis than anatomical staging in triple negative breast cancer

We retrospectively compared the prognostic value between the AJCC 8th edition anatomic (AS) and prognostic staging (PS) system for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in a cohort from two involved institution...

Authors: Jiehua He, Julia Y. Tsang, Xiaodan Xu, Jibin Li, Mei Li, Xue Chao, Yuanyuan Xu, Rongzhen Luo, Gary M. Tse and Peng Sun

Incidence of invasive breast cancer in women treated with testosterone implants: a prospective 10-year cohort study

Testosterone implants have been used for over eighty years to treat symptoms of hormone deficiency in pre and postmenopausal women. Evidence supports that androgens are breast protective. However, there is a l...

Authors: Rebecca L. Glaser, Anne E. York and Constantine Dimitrakakis

Reliable cell and tissue morphology-based diagnosis of endemic Burkitt lymphoma in resource-constrained settings in Ghana

Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma, which is a common childhood cancer in areas with intense transmission of Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Early and accurate diagnosis is a prerequ...

Authors: Cecilia Smith-Togobo, Mette Ø. Pedersen, Steffen G. Jensen, Babatunde Duduyemi, Richard K. Gyasi, Michael F. Ofori, Vivian Paintsil, Lorna Renner, Peter Nørgaard and Lars Hviid

Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy in Taiwan

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the treatment of prostate cancer may be associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic disease. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of ADT in the ...

Authors: Kuang-Ming Liao, Yaw-Bin Huang, Chung-Yu Chen and Chen-Chun Kuo

Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of non hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis

Formaldehyde, a widely used chemical, is considered a human carcinogen. We report the results of a meta-analyses of studies on the relationship between occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of non-Hod...

Authors: Simona Catalani, Francesca Donato, Egidio Madeo, Pietro Apostoli, Giuseppe De Palma, Enrico Pira, Kenneth A. Mundt and Paolo Boffetta

The BE GONE trial study protocol: a randomized crossover dietary intervention of dry beans targeting the gut microbiome of overweight and obese patients with a history of colorectal polyps or cancer

Mouse and human studies support the promise of dry beans to improve metabolic health and to lower cancer risk. In overweight/obese patients with a history of colorectal polyps or cancer, the Beans to Enrich th...

Authors: Xiaotao Zhang, Gladys Browman, Wesley Siu, Karen M. Basen-Engquist, Samir M. Hanash, Kristi L. Hoffman, Pablo C. Okhuysen, Paul Scheet, Joseph F. Petrosino, Scott Kopetz and Carrie R. Daniel

Evaluation of gene-environment interactions for colorectal cancer susceptibility loci using case-only and case-control designs

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 40 colorectal cancer susceptibility loci, but only a small fraction of heritability was explained. To account for missing heritability, we inves...

Authors: Nan Song, Jeeyoo Lee, Sooyoung Cho, Jeongseon Kim, Jae Hwan Oh and Aesun Shin

Exploring the current status of neuroendocrine tumours: a population-based analysis of epidemiology, management and use of resources

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare malignancies characterised by its capacity to synthesise and secrete monoamines, due to its neuroendocrine origin. Its varied locations and symptoms have traditionally be...

Authors: Josep Darbà and Alicia Marsà

Mycotoxin exposure is associated with increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Huaian area, China

Consumption of moldy food has previously been identified as a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high-risk countries; however, what contributing roles these dietary carcinogenic mycot...

Authors: Kathy S. Xue, Lili Tang, Guiju Sun, Shaokang Wang, Xu Hu and Jia-Sheng Wang

High risk HPV infection prevalence and associated cofactors: a population-based study in female ISSSTE beneficiaries attending the HPV screening and early detection of cervical cancer program

Cervical cancer is the second cause leading of malignancy-related death among Mexican women. The present study determined the population-based prevalence of high risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection an...

Authors: K. Torres-Poveda, I. Ruiz-Fraga, V. Madrid-Marina, M. Chavez and V. Richardson

Comparison of two invitation-based methods for human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling with usual care among un- and under-screened Māori, Pacific and Asian women: study protocol for a randomised controlled community trial to examine the effect of self-sampling on participation in cervical-cancer screening

Māori, Pacific and Asian women in New Zealand have lower cervical-cancer screening rates than European women, and there are persistent inequities in cervical cancer outcomes for Māori and Pacific women. Innova...

Authors: Naomi Brewer, Karen Bartholomew, Anna Maxwell, Jane Grant, Helen Wihongi, Collette Bromhead, Nina Scott, Sue Crengle, Chris Cunningham, Jeroen Douwes and John D. Potter

Could aspirin be a lifesaver for prostate cancer patients in prostate cancer-specific mortality?: an update systematic review and meta-analysis

Currently, clinical studies on the prognosis of prostate cancer (PC) taking aspirin were developing, but the precise mechanism of aspirin on tumor cells was still unclear. In addition, the conclusion that aspi...

Authors: Jiatong Zhou, Shuai Xia, Tao Li and Ranlu Liu

Breast cancer risk status influences uptake, retention and efficacy of a weight loss programme amongst breast cancer screening attendees: two randomised controlled feasibility trials

Excess body weight and sub-optimal lifestyle are modifiable causes of breast cancer and other diseases. There is little evidence that behaviour change is possible within screening programmes and whether this i...

Authors: Michelle Harvie, Mary Pegington, David French, Grace Cooper, Sarah McDiarmid, Anthony Howell, Louise Donnelly, Helen Ruane, Katharine Sellers, Philip Foden and D. Gareth Evans

Increased risk of lymphoid malignancy in patients with herpes zoster: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national cohort

The association between herpes zoster and the risk of lymphoid neoplasms in Asian populations has not yet been established. We performed a longitudinal follow-up study using a nationwide cohort to assess the r...

Authors: Hyo Geun Choi, James L. Zehnder, Young Kyung Lee, Hyun Lim and Miyoung Kim

Evaluation of an online knowledge translation intervention to promote cancer risk reduction behaviours: findings from a randomized controlled trial

Many cancers are preventable through lifestyle modification; however, few adults engage in behaviors that are in line with cancer prevention guidelines. This may be partly due to the mixed messages on effectiv...

Authors: Sarah E. Neil-Sztramko, Emily Belita, Anthony J. Levinson, Jennifer Boyko and Maureen Dobbins

Smoking related lung cancer mortality by education and sex in Norway

Authors: Merethe S. Hansen, Idlir Licaj, Tonje Braaten, Arnulf Langhammer, Loic Le Marchand and Inger Torhild Gram

Correlation between kidney transplantation and colorectal cancer in hemodialysis patients: A nationwide, retrospective, population-based cohort study

Kidney transplantation (KT) correlates with an increased risk of developing several malignancies; however, the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) after KT remains debatable and has been marginally explored. Hence...

Authors: Han-En Wang, Yu-Chan Liao, Je-Ming Hu, Wen-Chih Wu, Wan-Yun Chou, Yong-Chen Chen, Yu-Ching Chou, Chi-Feng Hung, Yu-Feng Tian, San-Lin You and Chien-An Sun

Incidence of atrial fibrillation in different major cancer subtypes: a Nationwide population-based 12 year follow up study

The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and malignancies are increasing in the elderly, but incidences of new onset AF in different cancer subtypes are not well described.The objectives of this study w...

Authors: Christina Boegh Jakobsen, Morten Lamberts, Nicholas Carlson, Morten Lock-Hansen, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar H. Gislason and Morten Schou

Factors analysis on the use of key quality indicators for narrowing the gap of quality of care of breast cancer

There are differences in the quality of care among breast cancer patients. Narrowing the quality differences could be achieved by increasing the utilization rate of indicators. Here we explored key indicators ...

Authors: Chao Wang, Xi Li, Shaofei Su, Xinyu Wang, Jingkun Li, Xiaoqiang Bao and Meina Liu

Advanced neoplasia in Veterans at screening colonoscopy using the National Cancer Institute Risk Assessment Tool

Adapting screening strategy to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk may improve efficiency for all stakeholders however limited tools for such risk stratification exist. Colorectal cancers usually evolve from advanced...

Authors: Laura W. Musselwhite, Thomas S. Redding IV, Kellie J. Sims, Meghan C. O’Leary, Elizabeth R. Hauser, Terry Hyslop, Ziad F. Gellad, Brian A. Sullivan, David Lieberman and Dawn Provenzale

The Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of patients with different metastatic sites in stage IV breast cancer

The features and survival of stage IV breast cancer patients with different metastatic sites are poorly understood. This study aims to examine the clinicopathological features and survival of stage IV breast c...

Authors: Ru Wang, Yayun Zhu, Xiaoxu Liu, Xiaoqin Liao, Jianjun He and Ligang Niu

Longitudinal associations between BMI change and the risks of colorectal cancer incidence, cancer-relate and all-cause mortality among 81,388 older adults

It remains controversial whether weight change could influence the risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) and mortality. This study aimed to quantify the associations between full-spectrum changes in body mass index...

Authors: Ji-Bin Li, Sheng Luo, Martin C. S. Wong, Cai Li, Li-Fen Feng, Jian-Hong Peng, Jing-Hua Li and Xi Zhang

Comparing cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis and outcomes of First Nations and all other Manitobans: a retrospective analysis

Globally, epidemiological evidence suggests cancer incidence and outcomes among Indigenous peoples are a growing concern. Although historically cancer among First Nations (FN) peoples in Canada was relatively ...

Authors: Tara C. Horrill, Lindsey Dahl, Esther Sanderson, Garry Munro, Cindy Garson, Carole Taylor, Randy Fransoo, Genevieve Thompson, Catherine Cook, Janice Linton and Annette S. H. Schultz

Prescription of pain medication among older cancer patients with and without an intellectual disability: a national register study

The longevity for people with intellectual disability (ID) has significantly increased in developed countries during the past decades. Consequently, the incidence of cancer is expected to increase in this grou...

Authors: Mikael Segerlantz, Anna Axmon, Rebecca Gagnemo Persson, Eva Brun and Gerd Ahlström

Variation in the initial assessment and investigation for ovarian cancer in symptomatic women: a systematic review of international guidelines

Women with ovarian cancer can present with a variety of symptoms and signs, and an increasing range of tests are available for their investigation. A number of international guidelines provide advice for the i...

Authors: Garth Funston, Marije Van Melle, Marie-Louise Ladegaard Baun, Henry Jensen, Charles Helsper, Jon Emery, Emma J. Crosbie, Matthew Thompson, Willie Hamilton and Fiona M. Walter

A matched-pair analysis on survival and response rates between German and non-German cancer patients treated at a Comprehensive Cancer Center

Research shows disparities in cancer outcomes by ethnicity or socio-economic status. Therefore, it is the aim of our study to perform a matched-pair analysis which compares the outcome of German and non-German...

Authors: Marie K. Budde, Walther Kuhn, Mignon-Denise Keyver-Paik, Friedrich Bootz, Jörg C. Kalff, Stefan C. Müller, Thomas Bieber, Peter Brossart, Hartmut Vatter, Ulrich Herrlinger, Dieter C. Wirtz, Hans H. Schild, Glen Kristiansen, Thorsten Pietsch, Stefan Aretz, Franziska Geiser…

Furosemide use and survival in patients with esophageal or gastric cancer: a population-based cohort study

Pre-clinical studies have shown that furosemide slows cancer cell growth by acting on the Na-K-2Cl transporter, particularly for gastric cancer cells. However, epidemiological studies have not investigated fur...

Authors: Peipei Liu, Úna C. McMenamin, Andrew D. Spence, Brian T. Johnston, Helen G. Coleman and Chris R. Cardwell

Flemish breast cancer screening programme: 15 years of key performance indicators (2002–2016)

We examined 15 years of key performance indicators (KPIs) of the population-based mammography screening programme (PMSP) in Flanders, Belgium.

Authors: M. Goossens, I. De Brabander, J. De Grève, C. Van Ongeval, P. Martens, E. Van Limbergen and E. Kellen

Female sex is associated with a lower risk of bone metastases and favourable prognosis in non-sex-specific cancers

The objectives were to investigate the disparity in the prevalence of bone metastases (BM) between the sexes and to assess the effect of female sex on the development and prognosis of BM.

Authors: Wenjuan Ma, Karl Peltzer, Lisha Qi, Guijun Xu, Zheng Liu, Jingyi Wang, Min Mao, Vladimir P. Chekhonin, Xin Wang and Chao Zhang

Publication statuses of clinical trials supporting FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-epidemiological investigation

The low data publication rate for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, and discrepancies between FDA-submitted versus published data, remain a concern. We investigated the publication statuses of...

Authors: Kenji Omae, Yuki Kataoka, Yasushi Tsujimoto, Yusuke Tsutsumi, Yosuke Yamamoto, Shunichi Fukuhara and Toshi A. Furukawa

Predictors of cervical cancer screening practice among HIV positive women attending adult anti-retroviral treatment clinics in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia: the application of a health belief model

Cervical cancer is a global public health problem and the second most common cancer causing morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Few available evidences revealed that despite distribution and severity of cervi...

Authors: Kalkidan Solomon, Mulugeta Tamire and Mirgissa Kaba

Cancer care in Brazil: structure and geographical distribution

The organisation and systematisation of health actions and services are essential to ensure patient safety and the effectiveness and efficiency of cancer care. The objective of this study was to analyse the st...

Authors: Mario Jorge Sobreira da Silva, Gisele O’Dwyer and Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio-de-Castro

Global patterns and trends in ovarian cancer incidence: age, period and birth cohort analysis

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide and the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. We aimed to explore global geographical patterns and temporal trends from 1973 to 2015 for 41 ...

Authors: Yanting Zhang, Ganfeng Luo, Mengjie Li, Pi Guo, Yuejiao Xiao, Huanlin Ji and Yuantao Hao

Geographic distribution and risk of upper urothelial carcinomas in Croatia, 2001–2011

Strong associations exist between Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and upper urothelial carcinomas (UUCs). However, the common etiology between the two remains unclear and there are no studies to date that vis...

Authors: Danira Medunjanin, Zdenko Sonicki, John E. Vena, Ante Cvitkovic and Sara Wagner Robb

Tubal ligation and endometrial Cancer risk: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Studies on relationship between tubal ligation and endometrial cancer have led to contradictory findings. In several studies, however, a reduced endometrial cancer risk was suggested following tubal ligation. ...

Authors: Laleh Loghmani, Nafise Saedi, Reza Omani-Samani, Saeid Safiri, Mahdi Sepidarkish, Saman Maroufizadeh, Arezoo Esmailzadeh, Maryam Shokrpour, Esmaeil Khedmati Morasae and Amir Almasi-Hashiani

Describing mortality trends for major cancer sites in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil and an ecological study of its causes

In Brazil, 211 thousand (16.14%) of all death certificates in 2016 identified cancer as the underlying cause of death, and it is expected that around 320 thousand will receive a cancer diagnosis in 2019. We ai...

Authors: Alessandro Bigoni, José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes, Elisabete Weiderpass and Kristina Kjærheim

Preoperative albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio predicts severe postoperative complications in elderly gastric cancer subjects after radical laparoscopic gastrectomy

A high prevalence of postoperative complications is closely associated with a worse short- and long-term outcome. This current study aimed to investigate potential risk factors including albumin-to-fibrinogen ...

Authors: Xuexue You, Qun Zhou, Jie Song, Linguang Gan, Junping Chen and Huachun Shen

Reproductive characteristics are associated with gene-specific promoter methylation status in breast cancer

Reproductive characteristics are well-established risk factors for breast cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully resolved. We hypothesized that altered DNA methylation, measured in tumor tissue, c...

Authors: Lauren E. McCullough, Lindsay J. Collin, Kathleen Conway, Alexandra J. White, Yoon Hee Cho, Sumitra Shantakumar, Mary Beth Terry, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Alfred I. Neugut, Regina M. Santella, Jia Chen and Marilie D. Gammon

Gingival metastasis from primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and literature review of 30 cases

Gingival metastasis from primary hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is rare, highly malignant, and generally has no distinct symptoms. Not performing a biopsy can lead to misdiagnosis. This article reports an 87-year...

Authors: Yating Hou, Weiping Deng, Gang Deng, Linhui Hu, Chao Liu and Lishu Xu

Trastuzumab use in older patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: outcomes and treatment patterns in a whole-of-population Australian cohort (2003–2015)

Older patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast (HER2 + MBC) cancer are underrepresented in clinical trials. We aim to describe the treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) for older women receiving tr...

Authors: Benjamin Daniels, Belinda E. Kiely, Monica Tang, Hanna Tervonen and Sallie-Anne Pearson

Mapping Cancer incidence across Western Victoria: the association with age, accessibility, and socioeconomic status among men and women

Cancer is a leading burden of disease in Australia and worldwide, with incidence rates varying with age, sex and geographic location. As part of the Ageing, Chronic Disease and Injury study, we aimed to map th...

Authors: Stephanie P. Cowdery, Muhammad A. Sajjad, Kara L. Holloway-Kew, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Lana J. Williams, Mark A. Kotowicz, Patricia M. Livingston, Mustafa Khasraw, Sharon Hakkennes, Trisha L. Dunning, Susan Brumby, Richard S. Page, Alasdair G Sutherland, Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen, Michael Berk, David Campbell…

The association between fecal enterotoxigenic B. fragilis with colorectal cancer

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an enterotoxin-producing bacterium that possibily has a role in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) by modulating the mucosal immune response a...

Authors: Fakhri Haghi, Elshan Goli, Bahman Mirzaei and Habib Zeighami