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Epidemiology, prevention and public health

This section aims to consider publications which focus on all aspects of cancer epidemiology including risk factors for disease initiation and development, social determinants, environmental, behavioural, and occupational correlates, and the impact of health policies, practices and interventions on the community.

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  1. The Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC) instrument is commonly used worldwide by professionals of oncology, but the scale has not, up to date, been validated in Arabic and Moroccan context, and t...

    Authors: Mohammed El Amine Ragala, Jaouad El Hilaly, Lamiae Amaadour, Majid Omari, Achraf E. L. AsriI, Mariam Atassi, Zineb Benbrahim, Nawfel Mellas, Karima E. L. Rhazi, Karima Halim and Btissame Zarrouq

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:1042

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. There is increasing concern about cardiovascular disease (CVD) after breast cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different types of CVD in women diagnosed with BC compared to ca...

    Authors: Marie Jakobsen, Christophe Kolodziejczyk, Morten Sall Jensen, Peter Bo Poulsen, Humma Khan, Thomas Kümler and Michael Andersson

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:1040

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) is the commonest childhood cancer whose incidence is rising in many nations. In the USA, between 1975 and 2016, ALL rates (ALLRs) rose 93.51% from 1.91 to 3.70/100,000 <  20 year...

    Authors: Albert Stuart Reece and Gary Kenneth Hulse

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:984

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Patients with breast cancer who overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and subsequently develop brain metastasis (BM) typically experience poor quality of life and low survival. We con...

    Authors: Michelle D. Hackshaw, Heather E. Danysh, Mackenzie Henderson, Eric Wang, Nora Tu, Zahidul Islam, Amy Ladner, Mary E. Ritchey and Maribel Salas

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:967

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  5. Adherence to colorectal cancer screening in the United States is suboptimal, particularly in medically underserved populations due to significant barriers to care. Unique accessible, low-cost, and non-invasive...

    Authors: Stephanie Ioannou, Kyle Sutherland, Daniel A. Sussman and Amar R. Deshpande

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:966

    Content type: Research article

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  6. The impact of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use on the risk of oral cavity cancer (OCC) has been confirmed; however, the sex-based difference in this association remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to ...

    Authors: Guangyan Mu, Jiayi Wang, Zhiyan Liu, Hanxu Zhang, Shuang Zhou, Qian Xiang and Yimin Cui

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:960

    Content type: Research article

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  7. It is very necessary to implement gastric cancer screening in China to reduce the mortality of gastric cancer, but there are no national screening guidelines and programs. Understanding of individual preferenc...

    Authors: Hui-qin Li, Hui Xue, Hua Yuan, Guang-ying Wan and Xiu-ying Zhang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:959

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Saskatchewan has one of the highest incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in Canada. This study assesses if geographic factors in Saskatchewan, including location of where patients live and physician density are ...

    Authors: Mustafa Andkhoie and Michael Szafron

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:948

    Content type: Research article

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  9. It is known that one of the reasons for the increased incidence of hematological malignancies is caused by the growth of multiple myeloma (MM). Worldwide, approximately 159,985 new cases of MM are diagnosed re...

    Authors: Narine Ghazaryan, Samvel Danelyan, Samvel Bardakhchyan, Anahit Saharyan and Lusine Sahakyan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:941

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Intake time of diet has recently been demonstrated to be associated with the internal clock and circadian pattern. However, whether and how the intake time of minerals would influence the natural course of can...

    Authors: Xiaoqing Xu, Wei Wei, Jiaxu Xu, Jiaxin Huang, Li Li, Tianshu Han, Jiayue Qi, Changhao Sun, Ying Li and Wenbo Jiang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:912

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Although colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs reduce CRC incidence and mortality, they are associated with risks in healthy subjects. However, the risk of overtreatment and overdiagnosis has not been det...

    Authors: Joaquín Cubiella, Antía González, Raquel Almazán, Elena Rodríguez-Camacho, Raquel Zubizarreta and Isabel Peña-Rey Lorenzo

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:869

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Algorithms that use administrative health and electronic medical record (EMR) data to determine cancer recurrence have the potential to replace chart reviews. This study evaluated algorithms to determine breas...

    Authors: Pascal Lambert, Marshall Pitz, Harminder Singh and Kathleen Decker

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:763

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that most commonly affects the pleural layers. MPM has a strong association with asbestos, mainly caused by exposure to its biopersisten...

    Authors: Laura Saracino, Chandra Bortolotto, Stefano Tomaselli, Elia Fraolini, Matteo Bosio, Giulia Accordino, Francesco Agustoni, David M. Abbott, Emma Pozzi, Dimitrios Eleftheriou, Patrizia Morbini, Pietro Rinaldi, Cristiano Primiceri, Andrea Lancia, Patrizia Comoli, Andrea R. Filippi…

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:762

    Content type: Research article

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  14. The Swedish healthcare is decentralised to 21 regions. Detailed information on all delivered care in the southernmost region, Skåne, is prospectively collected in the Skåne Healthcare Register (SHR). The data ...

    Authors: Qing Shen, Maria E. C. Schelin, Fang Fang and Anna Jöud

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:759

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Cancer registries usually assess data of conventional treatments and/or patient survival. Beyond that, little is known about the influence of other predictors of treatment response related to the use of comple...

    Authors: Heidemarie Haller, Petra Voiß, Holger Cramer, Anna Paul, Mattea Reinisch, Sebastian Appelbaum, Gustav Dobos, Georg Sauer, Sherko Kümmel and Thomas Ostermann

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:724

    Content type: Study protocol

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  16. This study aims to provide new insights on the role of smoking patterns and cigarette dependence in female lung cancer, and to examine differences by histological subtype.

    Authors: Jennifer Rusmaully, Nastassia Tvardik, Diane Martin, Régine Billmann, Sylvie Cénée, Martine Antoine, Hélène Blons, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Jean Trédaniel, Marie Wislez, Isabelle Stücker, Pascal Guénel and Loredana Radoï

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:711

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Published findings suggest sex differences in lung cancer risk and a potential role for sex steroid hormones. Our aim was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of sex steroid hormone exposure s...

    Authors: Hui Zeng, Zhuoyu Yang, Jiang Li, Yan Wen, Zheng Wu, Yadi Zheng, Yiwen Yu, Yongjie Xu, Shugeng Gao, Fengwei Tan, Ni Li, Qi Xue and Jie He

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:690

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Information about survival by stage in bladder cancer is scarce, as well as about survival of non-invasive bladder cancer. The aims of this study are: 1) to find out the distribution of bladder cancer by stage...

    Authors: J. Ripoll, M. Ramos, J. Montaño, J. Pons, A. Ameijide and P. Franch

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:676

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:956

  20. The second most common cancer among females in Bangladesh is cervical cancer. The national strategy for cervical cancer needs monitoring to ensure that patients have access to care. In order to provide accurat...

    Authors: Shagoofa Rakhshanda, Koustuv Dalal, Hasina Akhter Chowdhury, Cinderella Akbar Mayaboti, Progga Paromita, A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman, A. H. M. Eanayet Hussain and Saidur Rahman Mashreky

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:670

    Content type: Research article

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  21. An important number of breast and ovarian cancer cases is due to a strong genetic predisposition. The main tool for identifying individuals at risk is recognizing a suggestive family history of cancer. We pres...

    Authors: Urska Kotnik, Borut Peterlin and Luca Lovrecic

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:665

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) survivors are at increased risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC). Along with the environmental risk factors, genetic factors have been associated with a potential increase...

    Authors: Ilda Hoxhaj, Vladimir Vukovic, Stefania Boccia and Roberta Pastorino

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:660

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Pegfilgrastim, a long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), is commonly used to prevent febrile neutropenia (FN), a potentially life-threatening complication, following myelosuppressive chemoth...

    Authors: Reshma Mahtani, Jeffrey Crawford, Sinéad M. Flannery, Tatiana Lawrence, Jennifer Schenfeld and Prasad L. Gawade

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:621

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are heterogeneous neoplasms. Although some have a relatively benign and indolent natural history, others can be aggressive and ultimately fatal. Somatost...

    Authors: Sheila D. Rustgi, Aaron Oh, Jeong Yun Yang, Dasol Kang, Edward Wolin, Chung Y. Kong, Chin Hur and Michelle K. Kim

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:597

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Obesity and other metabolic comorbidities affect over 10% of patients with breast cancer and are closely related with adverse outcomes. Although metabolic comorbidities among breast cancer patients in low- and...

    Authors: Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Roby Cahyono, Dayat Prabowo, Widya Surya Avanti, Lina Choridah, Ery Kus Dwianingsih, Wirsma Arif Harahap and Teguh Aryandono

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:590

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. Blood type has been associated with the risk of gastric cancer, but few studies have examined the association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

    Authors: Yingxi Chen, Nan Hu, Linda Liao, Kai Yu, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wei Zheng, Jian-Min Yuan, Woon-Puay Koh, You-Lin Qiao, Jin-Hu Fan, Sanford M. Dawsey, Neal D. Freedman, Philip R. Taylor, Alisa M. Goldstein and Christian C. Abnet

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:589

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The viral pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted cancer patient management around the world. Most reported data relate to incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe COVID-19. The safety...

    Authors: C. van Marcke, N. Honoré, A. van der Elst, S. Beyaert, F. Derouane, C. Dumont, F. Aboubakar Nana, J. F. Baurain, I. Borbath, P. Collard, F. Cornélis, A. De Cuyper, F. P. Duhoux, B. Filleul, R. Galot, M. Gizzi…

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:578

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) have a non-negligible malignant transformation rate of up to 8%. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in critical chromosomal loci has proven to be the most effective marker...

    Authors: Cristina Gurizzan, Luigi Lorini, Alberto Paderno, Michele Tomasoni, Gabriele Zigliani, Anna Bozzola, Laura Ardighieri, Simonetta Battocchio, Eliana Bignotti, Antonella Ravaggi, Chiara Romani, Loris De Cecco, Mara Serena Serafini, Rosalba Miceli, Elena Bardellini, Alessandra Majorana…

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:561

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  29. Comorbidity has been established as one of the important predictors of poor prognosis in lung cancer. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of main comorbidities and its association with hospital readmissi...

    Authors: Dawei Zhu, Ruoxi Ding, Yong Ma, Zhishui Chen, Xuefeng Shi and Ping He

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:557

    Content type: Research article

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  30. The manner in which bad news is communicated in oncological contexts can affect patients’ engagement, their coping strategies and therapeutic compliance. Although this topic has been broadly investigated since...

    Authors: Ramona Bongelli, Alessia Bertolazzi, Ludovica Piccioni and Roberto Burro

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:555

    Content type: Research article

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  31. The Will Rogers phenomenon [WRP] describes an apparent improvement in outcome for patients’ group due to tumor grade reclassification. Staging of cancers is important to select appropriate treatment and to est...

    Authors: Mary R. Nittala, Eswar K. Mundra, S. Packianathan, Divyang Mehta, Maria L. Smith, William C. Woods, Shawn McKinney, Barbara S. Craft and Srinivasan Vijayakumar

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:554

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. One reason for the often late diagnosis of lung cancer (LC) may be that potentially-indicative sensations and symptoms are often diffuse, and may not be considered serious or urgent, making their interpretatio...

    Authors: Adrian Levitsky, Britt-Marie Bernhardson, Ingela Henoch, Maria Olin, Karl Kölbeck, Nadja Rystedt, Carol Tishelman and Lars E. Eriksson

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:544

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. At present, the characteristics of mucinous breast carcinoma (MBC) and the factors affecting its prognosis are controversial. We compared the clinical features of MBC with those of infiltrating ductal carcinom...

    Authors: Xingtong Zhou, Zhibo Zheng, Yan Li, Weiwei Zhao, Yan Lin, Jieshi Zhang and Qiang Sun

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:536

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. Cervical cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among females in low and middle-income countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the independent prognostic value of clinical and p...

    Authors: Hui-Hui Chen, Wei-Yu Meng, Run-Ze Li, Qing-Yi Wang, Yu-Wei Wang, Hu-Dan Pan, Pei-Yu Yan, Qi-Biao Wu, Liang Liu, Xiao-Jun Yao, Min Kang and Elaine Lai-Han Leung

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:531

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Immigration has taken the central stage in world politics, especially in the developed countries like Germany, where the continuous flow of immigrants has been well documented since 1960s. Strikingly, emerging...

    Authors: Roman Rüdiger, Franziska Geiser, Manuel Ritter, Peter Brossart, Mignon-Denise Keyver-Paik, Andree Faridi, Hartmut Vatter, Friedrich Bootz, Jennifer Landsberg, Jörg C. Kalff, Ulrich Herrlinger, Glen Kristiansen, Torsten Pietsch, Stefan Aretz, Daniel Thomas, Lukas Radbruch…

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:526

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. The purpose of this study was to explore clinicalpathology features, molecular features and outcome of male breast cancer patients who expressed ER, PR as well as HER-2, namely triple-positive male breast canc...

    Authors: Biyuan Wang, Hui Wang, Andi Zhao, Mi Zhang and Jin Yang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:523

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. In 2020, Morocco recorded more than 59,370 new cases of cancer and more than 35,265 cases of death (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Annual report Morocco, 2020). Cancer is always accompanied by so...

    Authors: Fahd Elkhalloufi, Saber Boutayeb, Fouzia Mamouch, Latifa Rakibi, Sanae Elazzouzi and Hassan Errihani

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:516

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Prostate cancer (CaP) cases are high in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, there are an estimated number of 174,650 CaP new cases in 2019. The estimated number of deaths from CaP in 2...

    Authors: Justice Moses K. Aheto, Ovie A. Utuama and Getachew A. Dagne

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:508

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. Patients living in more deprived localities have lower cancer survival in England, but the role of individual health status at diagnosis and the utilisation of primary health care in explaining these different...

    Authors: Laura M. Woods, Bernard Rachet, Melanie Morris, Krishnan Bhaskaran and Michel P. Coleman

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:485

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. Despite improved surgical and oncological treatment, ovarian cancer continues to be the most lethal of the gynecologic malignancies. We aimed to analyze survival trends in epithelial ovarian cancer with regard...

    Authors: Pia Leandersson, Thomas Hogberg, Paul W. Dickman, Susanne Malander and Christer Borgfeldt

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:465

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Malawi has the world’s highest cervical cancer incidence and mortality due to high rate of HIV coupled with inadequate screening and treatment services. The country’s cervical cancer control program uses visua...

    Authors: Fan Lee, Agatha Bula, John Chapola, Clement Mapanje, Billy Phiri, Nenani Kamtuwange, Mercy Tsidya, Jennifer Tang and Lameck Chinula

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:428

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. An estimated 40% of cancer cases in the UK in 2015 were attributable to cancer risk behaviours. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and unprotected sexual intercourse are known causes of cancer and ...

    Authors: Caroline Wright, Jon Heron, Ruth Kipping, Matthew Hickman, Rona Campbell and Richard M. Martin

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:365

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. The World Health Organisation (WHO) calls for the elimination of cervical cancer (CC) as a public health issue. To achieve elimination, efforts must be aligned and accelerated. Women living with HIV (WLWH) hav...

    Authors: Anna Tisler, Sven Erik Ojavee, Piret Veerus, Pilleriin Soodla and Anneli Uusküla

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:350

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Selection of high-risk subjects for endoscopic screening of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) lacks individual predictive tools based on environmental risk factors.

    Authors: Xiaorong Yang, Chen Suo, Tongchao Zhang, Xiaolin Yin, Jinyu Man, Ziyu Yuan, Hui Chen, Jingru Yu, Li Jin, Xingdong Chen, Ming Lu and Weimin Ye

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:343

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used and has proven benefits for women with menopausal symptoms. An increasing number of women with cancer experience menopausal symptoms but the safety of HRT use i...

    Authors: Úna McMenamin, Blánaid Hicks, Carmel Hughes, Peter Murchie, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Tom Ranger, Carol Coupland and Chris Cardwell

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:313

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  48. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary invasive cancer of the liver. During the last decade, the epidemiology of HCC has been continuously changing in developed countries, due to more effe...

    Authors: Walter Mazzucco, Francesco Vitale, Sergio Mazzola, Rosalba Amodio, Maurizio Zarcone, Davide Alba, Claudia Marotta, Rosanna Cusimano and Claudia Allemani

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:307

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Because birth size appears to be positively associated with breast cancer risk, we have studied whether this risk may differ according to molecular breast cancer subtypes.

    Authors: Marie S. Sandvei, Signe Opdahl, Marit Valla, Pagona Lagiou, Ellen Veronika Vesterfjell, Tor Vikan Rise, Tina Syvertsen Overrein, Anette H. Skjervold, Monica J. Engstrøm, Anna M. Bofin and Lars J. Vatten

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:299

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Thymic tumors are unusual neoplasms, representing 0.2 to 1.5% of tumors in humans, but correspond to 20% of mediastinal tumors and 50% of those that occur in the anterior mediastinum. They tend to appear aroun...

    Authors: Diego F. Scarpetta-Gonzalez, Eliana Isabel Morales, Luz Fernanda Sua, Mauricio Velásquez, Saveria Sangiovanni and Liliana Fernández-Trujillo

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:279

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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