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Biomarkers

This section aims to consider publications which bridge laboratory basic science and applied clinical research. The section will publish studies of diagnostic and prognostic markers which may ultimately be applicable in a clinical setting. 

Submissions need to be REMARK compliant as established in NCI-EORTC's "Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies" (J Clin Oncol 23:9067, 2005) and "Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK): An Abridged Explanation and Elaboration" (J Natl Cancer Inst . 2018 Aug 1;110(8):803-811.). 

They should report biomarkers that have a clear biologic relevance to a particular tumor type and be validated in at least one independent validation cohort and with biological validation in vitro or in vivo. Manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics, computational analysis, or predictions of public databases which are not accompanied by validation will not be considered at BMC Cancer.

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  1. Phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) is highly expressed in human tumours. Our previous studies reported that both stable and inducible PLCγ1 down-regulation can inhibit formation of breast-cancer-derived experimental lu...

    Authors: Rossano Lattanzio, Manuela Iezzi, Gianluca Sala, Nicola Tinari, Marco Falasca, Saverio Alberti, Simonetta Buglioni, Marcella Mottolese, Letizia Perracchio, Pier Giorgio Natali and Mauro Piantelli

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:747

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) can recur after removal of the primary tumor and treatment, where they can keep no clinical symptoms and dormant state for 10–15 years. NR2F1 has been demonstrated to r...

    Authors: Xiao-lei Gao, Min Zheng, Hao-fan Wang, Lu-ling Dai, Xiang-hua Yu, Xiao Yang, Xin Pang, Li Li, Mei Zhang, Sha-sha Wang, Jing-biao Wu, Ya-Jie Tang, Xin-hua Liang and Ya-ling Tang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:743

    Content type: Research article

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  3. The overall prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poor, and currently only patients with localized disease are potentially curable. Therefore, preferably non-invasively determined biomarkers that ...

    Authors: Dijana Djureinovic, Victor Pontén, Per Landelius, Sahar Al Sayegh, Kai Kappert, Masood Kamali-Moghaddam, Patrick Micke and Elisabeth Ståhle

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:741

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Angiopoietin growth factors (Angs) regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by binding to the endothelial Tie2 receptor. Ang2 expression is elevated in tissue hypoxia and inflammation, which also induce cle...

    Authors: Leena Tiainen, Emilia A. Korhonen, Veli-Matti Leppänen, Tiina Luukkaala, Mari Hämäläinen, Minna Tanner, Outi Lahdenperä, Pia Vihinen, Arja Jukkola, Peeter Karihtala, Sonja Aho, Eeva Moilanen, Kari Alitalo and Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:732

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Local or distant relapse is the key event for the overall survival of early-stage breast cancer after initial surgery. A small subset of breast cancer cells, which share similar properties with normal stem cel...

    Authors: Yan Qiu, Liya Wang, Xiaorong Zhong, Li Li, Fei Chen, Lin Xiao, Fangyu Liu, Bo Fu, Hong Zheng, Feng Ye and Hong Bu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:729

    Content type: Research article

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  6. One major hallmark of colorectal cancers (CRC) is genomic instability with its contribution to tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. To facilitate the investigation of intra-sample phenotypes and the de ...

    Authors: Timo Gemoll, Elena Miroll, Oliver Klein, Annette Lischka, Murat Eravci, Christoph Thorns and Jens K. Habermann

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:710

    Content type: Research article

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  7. In ovarian cancer, dysregulation of mRNA expression of several components of the family of the kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) is observed. In this study, we have analyzed the KLK5 mRNA expression pattern...

    Authors: Weiwei Gong, Yueyang Liu, Christof Seidl, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Marion Kiechle, Enken Drecoll, Matthias Kotzsch, Viktor Magdolen and Julia Dorn

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:696

    Content type: Research article

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  8. It is important to identify biomarkers associated with BRCA mutation in women with early breast cancer (BC) to improve early identification of mutation carriers. Thus, in this study, we examined the protein expre...

    Authors: Sabine Danzinger, Yen Yen Tan, Margaretha Rudas, Marie-Theres Kastner, Sigrid Weingartshofer, Daniela Muhr and Christian F. Singer

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:695

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Current evidence suggests that patients with Luminal A early breast cancer can skip chemotherapy or extended endocrine therapy, but immunohistochemistry-based biomarker analysis for St Gallen subtyping may not...

    Authors: Mark Laible, Kerstin Hartmann, Claudia Gürtler, Tobias Anzeneder, Ralph Wirtz, Stephan Weber, Thomas Keller, Ugur Sahin, Martin Rees and Annette Ramaswamy

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:694

    Content type: Research article

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  10. The protease uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 play major roles in hemostasis and are also involved in cancer progression. This is mainly caused by their ability to degrade extracellular matrix-facilitating tumor ce...

    Authors: Bruno Märkl, Martin Kazik, Nadia Harbeck, Elzbieta Jakubowicz, Reinhard Hoffmann, Thomas Jung, Dieter Steinfeld, Gerhard Schenkirsch, Günter Schlimok and Daniel Oruzio

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:692

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Prognostication of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) currently relies on tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging but clinical outcomes of patients of the same histoclinical stage are heterogeneous. It is there...

    Authors: Tung H. Ng, Kathy W. Y. Sham, Chuan M. Xie, Simon S. M. Ng, Ka F. To, Joanna H. M. Tong, Wing Y. Z. Liu, Lin Zhang, Matthew T. V. Chan, William K. K. Wu and Christopher H. K. Cheng

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:649

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Investigations of colorectal carcinogenesis have mainly focused on examining neoplastic tissue. With our aim of identifying potentially cancer-predisposing molecular compositions, we chose a different approach...

    Authors: Christian Hunnicke Petersen, Badar Mahmood, Christoffer Badsted, Tina Dahlby, Hanne Borger Rasmussen, Mark Berner Hansen and Niels Bindslev

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:643

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Delivering widespread BRCA testing to patients with ovarian cancer has been suggested by several scientists, recommended by professional societies and solicited by patients organizations. However, based on the...

    Authors: A. V. Paradiso, M. Digennaro, M. Patruno, S. De Summa, S. Tommasi and I. Berindan-Neagoe

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:641

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Noninvasive biomarkers are urgently needed for optimal management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for the prevention of disease progression into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellul...

    Authors: Naohiko Nakamura, Etsuro Hatano, Kohta Iguchi, Motohiko Sato, Hiroaki Kawaguchi, Iwao Ohtsu, Takaki Sakurai, Nobuhiro Aizawa, Hiroko Iijima, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Takuya Tomono, Yukihiro Okuda, Seidai Wada, Satoru Seo, Kojiro Taura, Shinji Uemoto…

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:621

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Novel diagnostic triage and testing strategies to support early detection of cancer could improve clinical outcomes. Most apparently promising diagnostic tests ultimately fail because of inadequate performance...

    Authors: Fiona M. Walter, Matthew J. Thompson, Ian Wellwood, Gary A. Abel, William Hamilton, Margaret Johnson, Georgios Lyratzopoulos, Michael P. Messenger, Richard D. Neal, Greg Rubin, Hardeep Singh, Anne Spencer, Stephen Sutton, Peter Vedsted and Jon D. Emery

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:586

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Distant metastases frequently occur in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. If hepatic surgery is not feasible, patients are treated with somatostatin analogs. However, the underlying mechanisms of ac...

    Authors: Florian Bösch, Alexandr V. Bazhin, Sabine Heublein, Katharina Brüwer, Thomas Knösel, Florian P. Reiter, Christoph J. Auernhammer, Markus O. Guba, Christine Spitzweg, Jens Werner and Martin K. Angele

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:575

    Content type: Research article

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  18. The aberrant expression of N-glycolyl GM3 ganglioside (NeuGcGM3) in patients with sarcomas was reevaluated by assessing the relation of this molecule with some clinicopathological features and overall survival...

    Authors: Daniel Pilco-Janeta, Myriam De la Cruz Puebla, Jorge Soriano, Marta Osorio, Iraida Caballero, Adanays Calvo Pérez, Laynes Savon, Natalia Cremades, Rancés Blanco and Adriana Carr

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:556

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease. Nomograms predicting outcomes of TNBC are needed for risk management.

    Authors: Yaping Yang, Ying Wang, Heran Deng, Cui Tan, Qian Li, Zhanghai He, Wei Wei, Enxiang Zhou, Qiang Liu and Jieqiong Liu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:541

    Content type: Research article

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  20. FBXO11, a member of the F-box protein family, regulates the cell-cycle by promoting the degradation of Bcl-6 and p53. This protein has been implicated in the progression of several cancers, including renal cel...

    Authors: Bo Fan, Wei Wang, Xianping Zhang, Min Sun, Xiaogang Wang, Zhiqi Chen, Wankai Liu, Qun Wang, Na Yu and Xiancheng Li

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:534

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Growing evidence has indicated that tumor biomarkers, including cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21–1 (Cyfra21–1), carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19–9), carbohydrate antigen 72–4 (CA72–4), carcinoembryonic antige...

    Authors: Yuchong Yang, Xuanzhang Huang, Likun Zhou, Ting Deng, Tao Ning, Rui Liu, Le Zhang, Ming Bai, Haiyang Zhang, Hongli Li and Yi Ba

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:526

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Radiation therapy is a standard form of treating non-small cell lung cancer, however, local recurrence is a major issue with this type of treatment. A better understanding of the metabolic response to radiatio...

    Authors: Samantha J. Van Nest, Leah M. Nicholson, Nils Pavey, Mathew N. Hindi, Alexandre G. Brolo, Andrew Jirasek and Julian J. Lum

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:474

    Content type: Research article

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  25. The application of circulating, cell-free, methylated Septin9 (mSEPT9) DNA in screening and recurrence monitoring is highly promising. CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is associated with microsatellite inst...

    Authors: Jie Sun, Fei Fei, Mingqing Zhang, Yuwei Li, Xipeng Zhang, Siwei Zhu and Shiwu Zhang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:450

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Matrix metalloproteinase 19 (MMP19) is a member of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, which have been involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Its expression has been demonstrated in some type...

    Authors: Zaiping Chen, Guiyang Wu, Fubo Ye, Guoping Chen, Qinghao Fan, Hao Dong, Xiongwen Zhu and Chongshan Wu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:448

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Everolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), has been shown to increase the efficacy of endocrine therapies in hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer. However, because breast...

    Authors: Zongbi Yi, Fei Ma, Binliang Liu, Xiuwen Guan, Lixi Li, Chunxiao Li, Haili Qian and Binghe Xu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:442

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in women, with metastasis the principle cause of mortality. New non-invasive prognostic markers are needed for the early detection of metastasis, faci...

    Authors: Peter McAnena, Kahraman Tanriverdi, Catherine Curran, K. Gilligan, Jane E. Freedman, James A. L. Brown and Michael J. Kerin

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:436

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Despite rising incidence rates of colorectal malignancies, only a few prognostic tools have been implemented in proven clinical routine. Cell division and proliferation play a significant role in malignancies....

    Authors: A. Hendricks, F. Gieseler, S. Nazzal, J. H. Bräsen, R. Lucius, B. Sipos, J. H. Claasen, Th. Becker, S. Hinz, G. Burmeister, C. Schafmayer and C. Schrader

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:429

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Several studies have documented that blood biomarkers can improve basic prognostic models in radiotherapy and radio-chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. The current study evaluated the prognostic impac...

    Authors: Rafał Suwinski, Monika Giglok, Katarzyna Galwas-Kliber, Adam Idasiak, Bozena Jochymek, Regina Deja, Barbara Maslyk, Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak and Dorota Butkiewicz

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:427

    Content type: Research article

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  31. The clinical behavior of prostate cancer (PCa) is variable, and while the majority of cases remain indolent, 10% of patients progress to deadly forms of the disease. Current clinical predictors used at the tim...

    Authors: Constantin Georgescu, Joshua M. Corbin, Sandra Thibivilliers, Zachary D. Webb, Yan D. Zhao, Jan Koster, Kar-Ming Fung, Adam S. Asch, Jonathan D. Wren and Maria J. Ruiz-Echevarría

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:423

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Ovarian carcinomas presenting homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which is observed in about 50% of cases, are more sensitive to platinum and PARP inhibitor therapies. Although platinum resistant diseas...

    Authors: Alexandre A. B. A. da Costa, Luisa M. do Canto, Simon Jonas Larsen, Adriana Regina Gonçalves Ribeiro, Carlos Eduardo Stecca, Annabeth Høgh Petersen, Mads M. Aagaard, Louise de Brot, Jan Baumbach, Glauco Baiocchi, Maria Isabel Achatz and Silvia Regina Rogatto

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:422

    Content type: Research article

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  33. One-third of cervical cancer patients are still diagnosed at advanced stages. The five-year survival rate is decreased in about 50% of advanced stage cervical cancer patients worldwide, and the clinical outcom...

    Authors: Sunyoung Park, Jungho Kim, Kiyoon Eom, Sehee Oh, Sunghyun Kim, Geehyuk Kim, Sungwoo Ahn, Kwang Hwa Park, Dawn Chung and Hyeyoung Lee

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:419

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Systemic treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has changed dramatically since the introduction of targeted therapies. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a valuable approach to ...

    Authors: Marzia Del Re, Eleonora Rofi, Carla Cappelli, Gianfranco Puppo, Stefania Crucitta, Simona Valeggi, Antonio Chella, Romano Danesi and Iacopo Petrini

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:410

    Content type: Case report

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  35. Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract. Despite years of research, the accurate screening strategy is still not available in this disease and it is usually diagn...

    Authors: Anna Torres, Małgorzata Pac-Sosińska, Krzysztof Wiktor, Tomasz Paszkowski, Ryszard Maciejewski and Kamil Torres

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:401

    Content type: Research article

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  36. The search of useful serum biomarkers for the early detection of cervical cancers has been of a high priority. The activation of Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Fac...

    Authors: Iwona Sidorkiewicz, Monika Zbucka-Krętowska, Kamil Zaręba, Emilia Lubowicka, Monika Zajkowska, Maciej Szmitkowski, Ewa Gacuta and Sławomir Ławicki

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:398

    Content type: Research article

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  37. There is a paucity of plasma-based biomarkers that prospectively segregate the outcome of patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Plasma extracell...

    Authors: Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior, Soon Sim Tan, Luciano de Souza Viana, Andre Lopes Carvalho, Sai Kiang Lim, N Gopalakrishna Iyer and Andre Luiz Vettore

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:373

    Content type: Research article

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  39. In this study, the influence of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on the prognosis of giant cell tumor (GCT) of the extremities were investigated.

    Authors: Zhenhao Chen, Guanglei Zhao, Feiyan Chen, Jun Xia and Li Jiang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:329

    Content type: Research article

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  40. MYC is a heterogeneously expressed transcription factor that plays a multifunctional role in many biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. It is also associated with many types of c...

    Authors: Karsten Kleo, Lora Dimitrova, Elisabeth Oker, Nancy Tomaszewski, Erika Berg, Franziska Taruttis, Julia C. Engelmann, Philipp Schwarzfischer, Jörg Reinders, Rainer Spang, Wolfram Gronwald, Peter J. Oefner and Michael Hummel

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:322

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Despite the previously suggested role of Neudesin in tumorigenesis and its potential as a novel target for the treatment of cancers, its prognostic value has never been examined. Thus, the aim of the study was...

    Authors: Olga M. Koper-Lenkiewicz, Joanna Kamińska, Anna Milewska, Karol Sawicki, Marek Jadeszko, Zenon Mariak, Joanna Reszeć, Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska and Joanna Matowicka-Karna

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:319

    Content type: Research article

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  42. The differentiation between pancreatic head cancer (PHC) and distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) can be challenging because of their anatomical and histopathological similarity. This is an important problem, becau...

    Authors: Tsutomu Takenami, Shimpei Maeda, Hideaki Karasawa, Takashi Suzuki, Toru Furukawa, Takanori Morikawa, Tatsuyuki Takadate, Hiroki Hayashi, Kei Nakagawa, Fuyuhiko Motoi, Takeshi Naitoh and Michiaki Unno

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:318

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Regulatory immune cells may modulate the lymphoma microenvironment and are of great interest due to the increasing prevalence of treatment with immunotherapies in lymphoma patients. The aim was to explore the ...

    Authors: R-M Amini, G. Enblad, P. Hollander, S. Laszlo, E. Eriksson, K. Ayoola Gustafsson, A. Loskog and I. Thörn

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:316

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Adjuvant therapy improves the prognosis of stage II & III colon cancer patients. Unfortunately, most patients do not benefit from this treatment. PePITA (NCT00994864) is a prospective, multicenter, non-randomi...

    Authors: Françoise Rothé, Marion Maetens, Ghizlane Rouas, Marianne Paesmans, Marc Van den Eynde, Jean-Luc Van Laethem, Philippe Vergauwe, Guido Deboever, Yacine Bareche, Caroline Vandeputte, Michail Ignatiadis and Alain Hendlisz

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:304

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most frequent type of thyroid malignancy. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms whereby long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with PTC pathogenesis.

    Authors: Bin Song, Rurun Li, Zhihua Zuo, Juan Tan, Ling Liu, Dafa Ding, Yibing Lu and Dawei Hou

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:297

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) is a common cervical cytological diagnosis. At present, HPV DNA assay is used to triage these patients, but its lower specificity brings a series of ...

    Authors: Yuanhang Zhu, Chenchen Ren, Li Yang, Xiaoan Zhang, Ling Liu and Zhaoxin Wang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:271

    Content type: Research article

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