Fig. 4

E-cad protein is either significantly upregulated or remains unchanged in most carcinoma tissues. A, E-cad protein expression is significantly upregulated in breast carcinoma (N = 25; T = 125), endometrial carcinoma (N = 31; T = 100), ovarian carcinoma (N = 25; T = 100), and lung carcinoma (N = 111; T = 111) compared to their corresponding normal tissues. B, E-cad protein expression remains unchanged in colon carcinoma (N = 100; T = 97) and head/neck carcinoma compared to the corresponding normal tissues (N = 71; T = 108). C, E-cad protein expression is downregulated in kidney carcinoma (N = 84; T = 110), pancreatic carcinoma (N = 74; T = 137), and liver carcinoma (N = 165; T = 165) compared to their corresponding normal tissues. Blue, normal; red, carcinoma in (A)-(C). E-cad protein is significantly upregulated in the different subtypes: luminal (n = 64), HER2 + (n = 10), and TNBC (n = 16) (D), and in the major stages: stage 1 (n = 4), stage 2 (n = 74), and stage 3 (n = 32) (E) of breast carcinomas compared to the normal tissues (n = 18). F, E-cad expression is significantly upregulated in IDC (n = 93) but downregulated in ILC (n = 10) compared to the normal tissues (n = 18). *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01