Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis
Studies | Number of patients (ASCT/No-ASCT) | Median or mean age (years) | ISS III (%) | High-risk genetics (%) | Median follow-up (months) | Male (%) | Enrollment periods ≥ 2012 (%) | Induction (PI %) (IMiD %) (PI + IMiD %) (Triplet %) | Consolidation (ASCT/No-ASCT) | Maintenance | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCTs | |||||||||||
Palumbo et al., 2014 [16] | 273 (141/132) | 57 | 23.6 | 28.8 | 51.2 | 59 | 2007 ~ 2009 (0) | RD (0) (100) (0) (0) | M200/MPR | R | CR, PFS, OS |
Gay et al., 2015 [17] | 256 (127/129) | 56.5 | 29 | 21.8 | 52 | 46.9 | 2009 ~ 2011 (0) | RD (0) (100) (0) (0) | M200/CRD | R | CR, PFS, OS |
Attal et al., 2017 [18] | 700 (350/350) | 59.5 | 18 | 12.8 | 44 | 60.3 | 2010 ~ 2012 (33.3) | RVD (100) (100) (100) (100) | M200/RVD | R | CR, PFS, OS |
Cavo et al., 2020 [19] | 1197 (702/495) | 58 | 20.1 | 25 | 60.3 | 57.7 | 2011 ~ 2014 (75) | CVD (100) (0) (0) (100) | (M200/VMP) → RVD (37.5%) | R | CR, PFS, OS |
Gay et al., 2021 [20] | 315 (158/157) | 57 | 17.1 | 47 | 50.9 | 55.6 | 2015 ~ 2017 (100) | KRD (100) (100) (100) (100) | M200/KRD | KR or R | CR, PFS, OS |
Richardson et al., 2022 [36] | 722 (365/357) | 56 | 13.3 | 18.3 | 76 | 57.8 | 2010 ~ 2018 (77.8) | RVD (100) (100) (100) (100) | M200/RVD | R | CR, PFS, OS |
Yong et al., 2023 [37] | 218(109/109) | 59 | 19 | 20 | 40.2 | 59 | After 2015 (100) | KCD (100) (0) (0) (100) | M (high dose)/KCD | K | CR, PFS |
Observational studies | |||||||||||
Wildes et al., 2015 [21] | 146 (62/84) | 68 | NA | NA | 48.4 | 52.7 | 2000 ~ 2010 (0) | T, R, V, or others (24.9e) (49.9e) (NA) (NA) | M200/NA | None, T, R, V, or others | OS |
Biran et al., 2016 [22] | 431 (90/341) | 62 | 23.4 | 4.9 | NA | 55.9 | 2004 ~ 2006 (0) | RD (0) (100) (0) (0) | NA | NA | OS |
Cohen et al., 2018 [23] | 60 (34/26) | 62 | 35 | 100 | 17 | 20 | 2008 ~ 2016 (55.6) | V, CVD, or others (88) (NA) (NA) (≥ 72) | NA | NA | PFS, OS |
Hajek et al., 2018 [24] | 2446 (710/1736) for OS 2442 (709/1733) for PFS 977 (236/741) for CR | 67 | 35.8 | NA | 22.2 | 53.3 | 2007 ~ 2014 (37.5) | V, K, R, T, or others (48.2) (45.3) (4.9) (NA) | NA | NA | CR, PFS, OS |
Remes et al., 2018 [25] | 275 (114/161) | 66 | NA | NA | 25 | 43 | 2009 ~ 2013 (40) | R, T, V, or Pom (25e) (75e) (NA) (NA) | NA | NA | TTNT (PFS), OS |
Rosenberg et al., 2019 [26] | 5309 (2125/3184) | 61.5 | NA | NA | 98.5 | 55 | 1998 ~ 2012 (6.7) | N/A | NA | NA | OS |
Belotti et al., 2020 [27] | 131 (85/46) | 70.7 | 34 | 10 | 27 | 50.4 | 2013 ~ 2017 (100) | V(T)D, CVD, or others (97.7) (61.1) (61.1) (94.7) | M200/NA | NA | CR, PFS |
Czyż et al., 2020 [28] | 97 (29/68) | 63 | 35 | 100 | 33 | 56.7 | 2011 ~ 2017 (85.7) | (V)CTD or MTD (49) (61.9) (19.6) (100) (NA) | NA | NA | OS |
Goldman-Mazur et al., 2020 [29] | 230 (82/148) | 62 | 48.4 | NA | NA | 40.2 | 2005 ~ 2018 (50) | PI, IMiD, or others (80.5) (51.8) (37.5) (NA) | NA | NA | PFS, OS |
Kaur et al., 2021 [30] | 939 (378/561) | 65.6 | 15.5 | 20.5 | NA | 48.9 | 2000 ~ 2017 (33.3) | CVD or others (66e) (66e) (39.7) (≥ 39.7) | NA | NA | OS |
Lemieux et al., 2021 [31] | 79 (38/41) | 71 | 26.6 | 89.9 | 40 | 64.6 | 2010 ~ 2019 (80) | PI, IMiD, or others (88.6) (64.6) (59.5) (82.3) | NA | NA | PFS, OS |
Abello et al., 2022 [32] | 872 (252/620) | 67 | 35.1 | NA | 18 | 52.9 | 2018 ~ 2020 (100) | CVD, VTD, or others (79.2) (30.8) (24) (74.4) | NA | NA | OS |
Bai et al., 2022 [33] | 42 (25/17) | 69 | 47.6 | NA | NA | 57.1 | 2010 ~ 2018 (77.8) | VTD (100) (100) (100) (100) | M200/NA | NA | CR, OS |
Cho et al., 2022 [34] | 210 (54/156) | 67 | 19.5 | 9 | 34.5 | 51.4 | 2011 ~ 2018 (87.5) | VMP, KMP, VTD, or CVD (80) (45.7) (25.7) (≥ 80) | NA | NA | PFS, OS |
Pawlyn et al., 2022 [35] | 770 (404/366) | 67 | 25.3 | 44.1 | NA | 61.2 | 2013 ~ 2017 (100) | CTD or CRD (0) (100) (0) (100) | NA | R ± Vor | PFS, OS |