Fig. 3

Loss of ATM impairs FANCD2 and RAD51 expression and induces DNA damage. A Representative immunoblot images of DDR- and HRR-related molecules in both ATM-KO NGP and ATM haploinsufficient CHP-134-inducible cells. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Doxorubicin-treated (0.5 μg/mL, 24 h) NGP and CHP-134 cells were used as positive controls. Relative intensities of protein bands were determined using ImageJ software and normalized using loading control band intensity. B, C, D Immunofluorescence and proportion of cells with more than 10 FANCD2 (B), RAD51 (C), and γH2AX (D) foci in ATM-deleted NGP cells and their Ctrl counterparts: representative images (left panels) and graphical quantitation of foci (right panels). Nuclear staining with DAPI is indicated in blue. One hundred nuclei were randomly counted. Data are shown as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001; paired two-tailed Student's t-test. Corresponding uncropped full-length blots are included in Supplementary Materials