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Table 3 Clinicopathologic characteristics between breast cancer patients with/without visceral metastasis

From: Clinicomics-guided distant metastasis prediction in breast cancer via artificial intelligence

Character

Training set

  

Validation set

Distant metastasis

HR

(95% CI)

P-value

Distant metastasis

no

yes

no

yes

Age (mean ± SD, years)

47.1 (9.75)

46.3 (10.0)

0.984 (0.949–1.02)

0.395

48.9 (9.46)

48.3 (14.8)

Family history of BC

 Yes

4 (4.60%)

1 (3.33%)

0.985 (0.235–4.13)

0.983

2 (5.41%)

1 (8.33%)

 No

83 (95.40%)

29 (96.67%)

35 (94.59%)

11 (91.67%)

Breast-feeding histories

 Yes

75 (86.21%)

26 (86.67%)

0.505 (0.216–1.18)

0.113

33 (89.19%)

8 (66.67%)

 No

12 (13.79%)

4 (13.33%)

4 (10.81%)

4 (33.33%)

Abortion

 Yes

52 (59.77%)

18 (60.00%)

0.623 (0.303–1.28)

0.200

24 (64.86%)

3 (25.00%)

 No

35 (40.23%)

12 (40.00%)

13 (35.14%)

9 (75.00%)

Reproductive history

 Yes

84 (96.55%)

28 (93.33%)

0.463 (0.162–1.33)

0.152

34 (91.89%)

9 (75.00%)

 No

3 (3.45%)

2 (6.67%)

3 (8.11%)

3 (25.00%)

Menstrual status

 Menstruate

56 (64.37%)

20 (66.67%)

0.845 (0.396–1.81)

0.665

22 (59.46%)

6 (50.00%)

 Menopause

31 (35.63%)

10 (33.33%)

15 (40.54%)

6 (50.00%)

Age of menarche

14.4 (1.69)

14.2 (1.69)

0.802 (0.635–1.01)

0.063

14.9 (1.79)

14.3 (2.38)

Lymph node metastasis

 Have

26 (29.89%)

19 (63.33%)

4.9 (2.29–10.5)

 < 0.001

4 (10.81%)

7 (58.33%)

 None

61 (70.11%)

11 (36.67%)

33 (89.19%)

5 (41.67%)

molecular subtyping

 1

9 (10.34%)

3 (10.00%)

1.08 (0.706–1.66)

0.718

4 (10.81%)

0 (0.00%)

 2

61 (70.11%)

14 (46.67%)

24 (64.86%)

7 (58.33%)

 3

4 (4.60%)

6 (20.00%)

2 (5.41%)

2 (16.67%)

 4

13 (14.94%)

7 (23.33%)

7 (18.92%)

3 (25.00%)

ER

 Positive

70 (80.46%)

14 (46.67%)

0.456 (0.221–0.939)

0.033

28 (75.68%)

7 (58.33%)

 Negative

17 (19.54%)

16 (53.33%)

9 (24.32%)

5 (41.67%)

PR

 Positive

69 (79.31%)

13 (43.33%)

0.482 (0.234–0.993)

0.048

26 (70.27%)

7 (58.33%)

 Negative

18 (20.69%)

17 (56.67%)

11 (29.73%)

5 (41.67%)

HER2 status

 Positive

57

16

1.6 (1.02–2.5)

0.041

27

7

 Negative

30

14

10

5

Ki-67

 Positive

77 (88.51%)

26 (86.67%)

0.996 (0.981–1.01)

0.603

32 (86.49%)

11 (91.67%)

 Negative

10 (11.49%)

4 (13.33%)

5 (13.51%)

1 (8.33%)

TPSA

 Positive

8 (9.20%)

4 (13.33%)

0.596 (0.142–2.5)

0.479

5 (13.51%)

2 (16.67%)

 Negative

79 (90.80%)

26 (86.67%)

32 (86.49%)

10 (83.33%)

CA153

 Positive

0 (0.00%)

5 (16.67%)

5.49 (2.09–14.4)

 < 0.001

1 (2.70%)

3 (25.00%)

 Negative

87 (100.00%)

25 (83.33%)

36 (97.30%)

9 (75.00%)

CEA

 Positive

1 (1.15%)

4 (13.33%)

5.52 (2.1–14.5)

0.004

0 (0.00%)

3 (25.00%)

 Negative

86 (98.85%)

26 (86.67%)

37 (100.00%)

9 (75.00%)

CA125

 Positive

7 (8.05%)

4 (13.33%)

1.77 (0.616–5.07)

0.290

1 (2.70%)

2 (16.67%)

 Negative

80 (91.95%)

26 (86.67%)

36 (97.30%)

10 (83.33%)

Operation

 No surgery

0 (0.00%)

3 (10.00%)

1.02 (0.503–2.05)

0.965

0 (0.00%)

2 (16.67%)

 Conserving

40 (45.98%)

6 (20.00%)

15 (40.54%)

3 (25.00%)

 Radical

47 (54.02%)

21 (70.00%)

22 (59.46%)

7 (58.33%)

Endocrinotherapy

 Yes

11 (12.64%)

0 (0.00%)

1.31e-08 (0-Inf)

0.997

1 (2.70%)

0 (0.00%)

 No

76 (87.36%)

30 (100.00%)

36 (97.30%)

12 (100.00%)

Radiotherapy

 Yes

14 (16.09%)

8 (26.67%)

2.42 (1.08–5.45)

0.033

3 (8.11%)

3 (25.00%)

 No

73 (83.91%)

22 (73.33%)

34 (91.89%)

9 (75.00%)

Chemotherapy

 Yes

78 (89.66%)

30 (100.00%)

3.02 (0.411–22.2)

0.277

35 (94.59%)

11 (91.67%)

 No

9 (10.34%)

0 (0.00%)

2 (5.41%)

1 (8.33%)

RadScore (mean ± SD)

-2.77 (0.56)

-1.66 (0.44)

20 (8.27–48.2)

 < 0.001

-2.60 (0.74)

-2.23 (0.60)

  1. Abbreviations: ER Expression of the oestrogen receptor, PR Progesterone receptor, HER2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, TPSA Total prostate-specific antigen, CA125 Carbohydrate antigen 125, CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen, CA153 Carbohydrate antigen 125