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Table 1 Clinicopathologic characteristics between breast cancer patients with /without distant metastasis

From: Clinicomics-guided distant metastasis prediction in breast cancer via artificial intelligence

Character

Training set

Validation set

Distant metastasis

HR

(95% CI)

P-value

Distant metastasis

no

yes

no

yes

Age (mean ± SD, years)

47.4 (9.23)

49.7

(9.96)

1.020

(0.991–1.054)

0.166

48.3 (10.8)

42.5 (13.6)

Family history of BC

 Yes

3 (3.41)

2 (4.65)

1.255

(0.304–5.192)

0.754

3 (8.33%)

0 (0.00%)

 No

85 (96.59)

41 (95.35)

33 (91.67%)

19 (100.00%)

Breast-feeding histories

 Yes

77 (87.50)

35 (81.40)

0.731

(0.339–1.575)

0.423

31 (86.11%)

15 (78.95%)

 No

11 (12.50)

8 (18.60)

5 (13.89%)

4 (21.05%)

Abortion

 Yes

55 (62.50)

21 (48.84)

0.639

(0.3513–1.162)

0.142

21 (58.33%)

10 (52.63%)

 No

33 (37.50)

22 (51.16)

15 (41.67%)

9 (47.37%)

Reproductive history

 Yes

85 (96.59)

38 (88.37)

0.455

(0.179–1.157)

0.098

33 (91.67%)

16 (84.21%)

 No

3 (3.41)

5 (11.63)

3 (8.33%)

3 (15.79%)

Menstrual status

 Menstruate

57 (64.77)

23 (53.49)

1.503

(0.825–2.738)

0.183

21 (58.33%)

14 (73.68%)

 Menopause

31 (35.23)

20 (46.51)

15 (41.67%)

5 (26.32%)

Age of menarche

14.6 (1.71)

14.3 (2.03)

0.9402 (0.7914–1.117)

 

14.4 (1.78)

14.8 (1.69)

Lymph node metastasis

   

0.484

  

 Have

18 (20.45)

26 (60.47)

4.197 (2.27–7.759)

 < 0.001

12 (33.33%)

11 (57.89%)

 None

70 (79.55)

17 (39.53)

24 (66.67%)

8 (42.11%)

molecular subtyping

 1

9 (10.23)

5 (11.63)

1.109 (0.8039–1.53)

0.529

4 (11.11%)

2 (10.53%)

 2

59 (67.05)

23 (53.49)

26 (72.22%)

10 (52.63%)

 3

5 (5.68)

6 (13.95)

1 (2.78%)

3 (15.79%)

 4

15 (17.05)

9 (20.93)

5 (13.89%)

4 (21.05%)

ER

 Positive

68 (77.27)

27 (62.79)

0.634 (0.3412–1.178)

0.149

30 (83.33%)

10 (52.63%)

 Negative

20 (22.73)

16 (37.21)

6 (16.67%)

9 (47.37%)

PR

 Positive

65 (73.86)

25 (58.14)

0.6001 (0.3271–1.101)

0.099

30 (83.33%)

10 (52.63%)

 Negative

23 (26.14)

18 (41.86)

6 (16.67%)

9 (47.37%)

HER2 status

 Positive

27

17

1.09 (0.735–1.616)

0.669

23

10

 Negative

61

26

13

9

Ki-67

 Positive

78 (88.64)

38 (88.37)

1.003 (0.991–1.016)

0.600

31 (86.11%)

16 (84.21%)

 Negative

10 (11.36)

5 (11.63)

5 (13.89%)

3 (15.79%)

TPSA

 Positive

10 (11.36)

6 (13.95)

1.268 (0.5349–3.006)

0.59

3 (8.33%)

3 (15.79%)

 Negative

78 (88.64)

37 (86.05)

33 (91.67%)

16 (84.21%)

CA153

 Positive

1 (1.14)

10 (23.26)

7.407 (3.573–15.36)

 < 0.001

0 (0.00%)

4 (21.05%)

 Negative

87 (98.86)

33 (76.74)

36 (100.00%)

15 (78.95%)

CEA

 Positive

0 (0.00)

9 (20.93)

9.77

(4.489–21.26)

 < 0.001

1 (2.78%)

3 (15.79%)

 Negative

88 (100.00)

34 (79.07)

35 (97.22%)

16 (84.21%)

CA125

 Positive

4 (4.55)

8 (18.60)

3.195

(1.479–6.9)

0.003

4 (11.11%)

2 (10.53%)

 Negative

84 (95.45)

35 (81.40)

32 (88.89%)

17 (89.47%)

Operation

 No surgery

0 (0.00)

7 (16.28)

0.8021 (0.4741–1.357)

0.411

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

 Conserving

39 (44.32)

8 (18.60)

16 (44.44%)

7 (36.84%)

 Radical

49 (55.68)

28 (65.12)

20 (55.56%)

12 (63.16%)

Endocrinotherapy

 Yes

11 (12.50)

0 (0.00)

1.281e-08 (0-Inf)

0.996

1 (2.78%)

0 (0.00%)

 No

77 (87.50)

43 (100.00)

35 (97.22%)

19 (100.00%)

Radiotherapy

 Yes

13 (14.77)

10 (23.25)

1.476 (0.7272–2.997)

0.281

4 (11.11%)

4 (21.05%)

 No

75 (85.23)

33 (76.74)

32 (88.89%)

15 (78.95%)

Chemotherapy

 Yes

79 (89.77)

42 (97.67)

4.124 (0.5675–29.97)

0.161

34 (94.44%)

19 (100.00%)

 No

9 (10.23)

1 (2.33)

2 (5.56%)

0 (0.00%)

RadScore (mean ± SD)

-2.84 (0.49)

-1.67 (0.46)

l

 < 0.001

-2.48 (0.72)

-2.42 (0.75)

  1. Abbreviations: ER Expression of the oestrogen receptor, PR Progesterone receptor, HER2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, TPSA Total prostate-specific antigen, CA125 Carbohydrate antigen 125, CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen, CA153 Carbohydrate antigen 125