Fig. 3

Pitavastatin treatment increases the expression of tumor suppressor genes and induces an overall pro-inflammatory gene expression profile in vitro. (a) Fold change compared to DMSO vehicle for DEGs (fold change > 2) common to all cultures (HCT116-GFP monoculture, PBMC-monoculture, and co-culture) after 24 h treatment with pitavastatin (1 µM or 10 µM). (b) Venn diagram showing the number of DEGs (fold change > 2), and for selected cultures the number of upregulated DEGs within brackets, 24 h post treatment with pitavastatin (1µM or 10µM) compared to DMSO vehicle. (c) Enriched terms (adjusted P-value < 0.05) obtained from enrichment analysis using the GO Biological Process 2021 database. The enrichment analysis was performed using the 158 DEGs (fold change > 2) that were uniquely upregulated in co-culture treated with 10 µM pitavastatin. (d) Average log2 expression of DEGs found in co-culture treated with 10 µM pitavastatin but not in either of the monocultures