Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Patients According to Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength
Variable | Median (IQR) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N = 171) | Group A (N = 23) | Group B (N = 63) | Group C (N = 18) | Group D (N = 67) | P value | |
Age, y | 59.00(50.00–67.00) | 67.00(58.00–75.00) | 58.00 (50.00–66.00) | 67.00(62.75–74.00) | 54.00 (48.00–62.00) | 0.379 |
Sex, No. (%) | ||||||
 Female | 72 (42.1) | 7 (30.40) | 18 (36.5) | 9 (50.0) | 38(56.7) | 0.053 |
 Male | 99 (57.9) | 16(69.60) | 45 (63.5) | 9 (50.0) | 29(43.3) | |
BMI,Kg/m2 | 22.86(20.94–25.08) | 20.54(18.73–21.88) | 22.65(20.76–24.61) | 22.91(21.45–25.34) | 23.83(21.72–25.85) |  < 0.001 |
Abdominal circumference, cm | 85.00 (79.00–91.50) | 84.00 (77.00–92.00) | 85.00 (80.00–92.00) | 85.50(79.75–89.63) | 86.00 (81.00–91.00) |  < 0.001 |
SARC-F, No. (%) | ||||||
 >  = 4 | 3 (1.8) | 2(8.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 0.016 |
 < 4 | 168 (98.2) | 21 (91.3) | 63 (100) | 17 (94.4) | 67 (100) | |
Handgrip strength, kg | 27.00(20.50–35.00) | 15.83(11.50–22.50) | 28.00(22.50–34.68) | 17.00(14.19–19.78) | 33.20(25.68–38.05) |  < 0.001 |
Chair stand test, s | 14.50 (12.00–16.72) | 16.00 (12.75–19.60) | 14.50 (12.44–16.50) | 15.95(14.75–17.36) | 14.00(12.00–15.70) |  < 0.001 |
Gait speed, m/s | 1.00 (0.87–1.10) | 1.00 (0.80–1.20) | 1.00 (0.88–1.10) | 0.87 (0.72–1.00) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.124 |
SMI, cm2/m2 | 42.22(36.22–49.90) | 35.97(34.53–44.41) | 38.60(32.55–45.41) | 45.82(38.00–52.97) | 47.30(40.15–57.30) |  < 0.001 |
Visceral adipose tissue, cm2 | 118.08(103.87–132.58) | 108.31(87.98–124.31) | 111.77(97.98–130.98) | 107.68(80.23–123.41) | 127.11(114.57–143.23) | 0.249 |
Subcutaneous adipose tissue, cm2 | 118.35(92.35–130.40) | 92.35(64.62–121.47) | 105.57(62.34–127.97) | 106.87(87.57–121.20) | 122.83(114.57–137.95) | 0.190 |
Cause, No. (%) | ||||||
 Hepatocellular carcinoma | 47 (27.5) | 8 (34.5) | 13 (20.6) | 6(33.3) | 20 (29.9) | 0.714 |
 Colorectal liver metastases | 44 (25.7) | 4 (17.2) | 22 (34.9) | 4(22.2) | 16 (26.7) | |
 Cholangiocarcinoma | 67 (39.2) | 8 (34.5) | 24 (38.1) | 8(44.4) | 25 (37.3) | |
 Gallbladder cancer | 7 (4.1) | 1 (4.3) | 3 (4.8) | 0 | 3 (4.5) | |
 Mixed liver cancer | 6 (3.5) | 2 (8.6) | 1 (1.6) | 0 | 3 (4.5) | |
ASA grade, No. (%) | ||||||
 I | 8 (4.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.2) | 2 (11.1) | 4(6.0) | 0.152 |
 II | 159 (93.0) | 21 (91.3) | 59 (93.6) | 16 (88.9) | 63(94.0) | |
 III | 4 (2.3) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Ascites, No. (%) | 8 (4.7) | 2 (8.7) | 1(1.6) | 3 (16.7) | 2(3.0) | 0.038 |
Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity score | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) | 6.00 (5.00–6.00) | 6.00 (5.00–6.00) | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) | 0.827 |
Child–Pugh stage, No. (%) | ||||||
 A | 102 (59.6) | 13 (56.5) | 37(58.7) | 11 (61.1) | 41 (61.2) | 0.997 |
 B | 7 (4.1) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (5.6) | 3 (4.5) | |
MELD score | 8.00 (7.00–9.00) | 8.00 (7.00–9.00) | 8 00 (7.00–8.00) | 8.00 (7.00–8.00) | 8.00 (7.00–9.00) | 0.174 |
BCLC stage, No. (%) | ||||||
 0 | 22 (12.9) | 3 (13.0) | 8 (12.7) | 2 (11.1) | 9 (13.4) | 0.993 |
 A | 87 (50.9) | 13 (56.5) | 31 (49.2) | 8 (44.4) | 35 (52.2) | |
 B | 17(10.0) | 3 (13.0) | 6(9.5) | 2(11.1) | 6 (9.0) | |
 C | 45 (17.0) | 4 (17.4) | 18 (28.6) | 6 (33.3) | 17 (25.4) | |
Microvascular invasion, No. (%) | 17 (9.9) | 2 (8.7) | 7 (11.1) | 2 (11.1) | 6 (9.4) | 0.899 |
Satellite stove, No. (%) | 16 (9.68) | 2 (8.7) | 7 (11.1) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (7.5) | 0.750 |
Lesion size, cm | 4.40 (3.60–6.30) | 3.80 (3.50–6.00) | 4.60 (3.70–6.50) | 4.55 (4.00–7.23) | 4.50 (3.90–4.80) | 0.358 |
Lesions, No. (%) | ||||||
 Solitary | 151 (88.3) | 20 (87.0) | 56 (88.9) | 16 (88.9) | 59 (88.1) | 0.995 |
 Multiple | 20 (11.7) | 3 (13.0) | 7 (11.1) | 2 (11.1) | 8 (11.9) | |
Hypertension, No. (%) | 57 (33.3) | 8 (34.8) | 20 (31.7) | 8 (44.4) | 21 (31.3) | 0.750 |
Diabetes, No. (%) | 29 (17.0) | 4 (17.4) | 6 (9.5) | 5 (27.8) | 14 (20.9) | 0.194 |
Smoking, No. (%) | 62 (36.3) | 11 (47.8) | 25 (39.7) | 5 (27.8) | 21(31.3) | 0.405 |
Drinking, No. (%) | 50 (29.2) | 9 (39.1) | 20 (31.7) | 5 (27.8) | 16(23.9) | 0.527 |
Physical activity, No. (%) | ||||||
 > 4 h/wk | 104 (60.8) | 11 (47.8) | 40 (63.5) | 13(72.2) | 40(59.7) | 0.418 |
 <  = 4 h/wk | 67 (39.2) | 12 (52.2) | 23 (36.5) | 5 (27.8) | 27(40.3) | |
Dietary structure, No. (%) | ||||||
 Semi-vegetarian | 128 (74.8) | 14 (60.9) | 47 (74.6) | 13 (72.2) | 54 (80.6) | 0.646 |
 Meat eater | 14 (8.2) | 3 (13.0) | 6 (9.5) | 1 (5.6) | 4 (6.0) | |
 Vegetarian | 29 (17.0) | 6 (26.1) | 10 (15.9) | 4 (22.2) | 9 (13.4) | |
Sleep time, No. (%) | ||||||
 >  = 8 h | 76 (44.4) | 12 (52.2) | 24 (38.1) | 10(55.6) | 30(44.8) | 0.477 |
 < 8 h | 95 (55.6) | 11 (47.8) | 39 (61.9) | 8(44.4) | 37(55.2) | |