Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the subcohort and renal cell cancer cases in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer (1986–2006)
Baseline Characteristics | Subcohort (n = 3767) | RCC Cases (n = 485) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HLI Total Category | ||||
1 “Unhealthiest Lifestyle” | 541 | (14.4) | 84 | (17.3) |
2 “Moderately Unhealthy Lifestyle” | 1023 | (27.1) | 158 | (32.6) |
3 “Moderately Healthy Lifestyle” | 1352 | (35.9) | 157 | (32.4) |
4 “Healthiest Lifestyle” | 851 | (22.6) | 86 | (17.7) |
Demographic Characteristics | ||||
Age at Baseline (years) | 61.3 | (4.2) | 60.9 | (3.9) |
Male Sex (yes) | 1863 | (49.5) | 320 | (66.0) |
Educational Level | ||||
Primary School | 1032 | (27.4) | 126 | (26.0) |
Lower Vocational School | 802 | (21.3) | 104 | (21.4) |
Intermediate Vocational School | 1359 | (36.1) | 162 | (33.4) |
Higher Vocational School or University | 557 | (14.8) | 91 | (18.8) |
Unknown | 17 | (0.4) | 2 | (0.4) |
Lifestyle characteristics | ||||
Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1922 | (509) | 1997 | (518) |
Dietary fibre intake (g/day) | 26.8 | (6.7) | 27.8 | (6.9) |
Red and processed meat intake (g/day) | 99.2 | (41.4) | 100.7 | (43.2) |
Ratio of poly-unsaturated to saturated fat | 0.54 | (0.27) | 0.58 | (0.28) |
Intake of transfats (g/day) | 2.92 | (1.15) | 2.84 | (1.20) |
Glycaemic load (g/day) | 119.2 | (26.8) | 123.2 | (27.0) |
Vegetables and fruits intake (g/day) | 365 | (151) | 351 | (150) |
Use of alcohol (yes) | 2883 | (76.5) | 376 | (77.5) |
Intake of alcohol (consumers only, g/day) | 13.6 | (15.1) | 15.2 | (15.4) |
Cigarette smoking | ||||
Never | 1362 | (36.2) | 124 | (25.6) |
Former | 1390 | (36.9) | 206 | (42.5) |
Current | 1015 | (26.9) | 155 | (32.0) |
Number of cigarettes (users only, n/day)a | 15 | (10–20) | 15 | (10–20) |
Years of cigarette smoking (users only) | 38.8 | (9.6) | 39.9 | (8.1) |
Non-occupational physical activity (min/day)a | 58 | (34–94) | 58 | (34–94) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.0 | (3.1) | 25.5 | (3.1) |
Intake of sodium (mg/day) | 2315 | (617) | 2462 | (671) |
Intake of potassium (mg/day) | 3516 | (588) | 3611 | (618) |
Intake of magnesium (mg/day) | 311 | (56) | 323 | (57) |
Medical characteristics | ||||
History of Hypertension and/or History of Antihypertensive Drug Use (yes) | 1199 | (31.8) | 170 | (35.1) |
History of Diabetes (yes) | 123 | (3.3) | 22 | (4.5) |
History of Kidney Stones (yes) | 326 | (8.7) | 69 | (14.2) |
Familial History of Cancer (yes) | 1524 | (40.5) | 208 | (42.9) |
Familial History of Renal Cancer (yes) | 40 | (1.1) | 6 | (1.2) |